Once upon a time, there was a girl called Cinderella. Cinderella is lived happily with her mother and father until her mother died. Feel that Cinderella needs a mother figure in his life, Cinderella’s father remarries to a woman who has two daughters of her own.
Unfortunately, Cinderella's father dies and she lived only with her stepmother and stepsisters. They were very bossy, she had to do all the housework.
One day on invitation to the hall come to the family. The King invited for all the eligible ladies in the kingdom so as to find Prince a wife. Her stepsisters would no let her go. Cinderella was sad. The stepsisters went to the hall without her.
Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her to get to the hall with the wave of magic wand, helped prepared Cinderella for the hall. The fairy does warn her that is magic will end at a stroke of midnight, so she must leaved the hall before than.
At the hall all people surprised when Cinderella arrived. And then the Prince invited Cinderella to danced. He fell in love with her.
All of a sudden, the clock star to chime that is a midnight. Cinderella hastily runs away, dropped a glass slipper as she does so. Cinderella escapes, with nothing from the night left, except from the other glass slipper, which had not changed back.
Prince Charming orders his love to be found by means of the odd shoe, and the Grand Duke is sent around the land getting every girl in the land to try on the glass slipper to see if it fits.
Eventually the Grand Duke reaches the residence of Cinderella, but she is nowhere to be seen. The stepsisters frantically try to get the glass slipper to fit so as to wed into royalty, but compatible nothing that. The Grand Duke is about to leave as Cinderella finally appears. He orders the messenger to brought forth the glass slipper, yet the stepmother in a last minute attempt to prevent her stepdaughter from better things, causes the messenger to trip, thus broken the fragile shoe into pieces. Yet the arrogant woman hadn't betted on Cinderella produced the other glass slipper, which fits onto Cinderella's foot perfectly.
Very soon, wedding bells ring, and Cinderella married her prince, and they live happily ever after.
Selasa, 24 Mei 2011
Teori Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Present perfect tense is used to express action or situation that has or has occurred. When did the act or situation is not too important.
Sentence patterns present perfect tense.
Pattern I
(+) S + have / has + V3
(-) S + have / has + not + V3
(?) Have / has + S + V3
Pattern II
(+) S + have / has + been + adj / Adv / N
(-) S + have / has + not + been + adj / Adv / N
(?) Have / has + S + been + adj / Adv / N
Example sentence pattern I:
I have finished my work.
She has not eaten lunch.
Have you seen That movie?
Sample sentence pattern II:
She has been sick for two days.
They have not been busy for one day.
Have you been here for two hours?
Notes
Has used if the subject is third person singular (he, she, it).
In conversation (present perfect tense) is usually the subject and auxiliary verb experiencing condensation (contraction). And sometimes in the form of writing, the cutting is also used.
I've finished my work.
She's been sick for two days.
Abbreviations' s after the subject of a third person can mean the auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verb) have or be. "It's eaten" can mean:
It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]
It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]
Consider the context, it will be clear where auxiliary verbs are used.
Present perfect tense is often used in England than in America are more likely to use past tense forms.
Have you Had lunch? (English)
Did you have lunch? (United States)
Present perfect tense is used to express action or situation that has or has occurred. When did the act or situation is not too important.
Sentence patterns present perfect tense.
Pattern I
(+) S + have / has + V3
(-) S + have / has + not + V3
(?) Have / has + S + V3
Pattern II
(+) S + have / has + been + adj / Adv / N
(-) S + have / has + not + been + adj / Adv / N
(?) Have / has + S + been + adj / Adv / N
Example sentence pattern I:
I have finished my work.
She has not eaten lunch.
Have you seen That movie?
Sample sentence pattern II:
She has been sick for two days.
They have not been busy for one day.
Have you been here for two hours?
Notes
Has used if the subject is third person singular (he, she, it).
In conversation (present perfect tense) is usually the subject and auxiliary verb experiencing condensation (contraction). And sometimes in the form of writing, the cutting is also used.
I've finished my work.
She's been sick for two days.
Abbreviations' s after the subject of a third person can mean the auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verb) have or be. "It's eaten" can mean:
It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]
It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]
Consider the context, it will be clear where auxiliary verbs are used.
Present perfect tense is often used in England than in America are more likely to use past tense forms.
Have you Had lunch? (English)
Did you have lunch? (United States)
Rabu, 27 April 2011
Snow White( artikel softskill)
Once upon a time in mid winter, when the snowflakes were falling like feathers from heaven, a beautiful queen sat sewing at her window, which had a frame of black ebony wood. As she sewed, she looked up at the snow and pricked her finger with her needle. Three drops of blood fell into the snow. The red on the white looked so beautiful, that she thought, “If only I had a child as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as this frame.” Soon afterward she had a little daughter that was as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as ebony wood, and therefore they called her Little Snow-White.
Now the queen was the most beautiful woman in all the land, and very proud of her beauty. She had a mirror, which she stood in front of every morning, and asked:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
And the mirror always said:
You, my queen, are fairest of all.
And then she knew for certain that no one in the world was more beautiful than she.
Now Snow-White grew up, and when she was seven years old, she was so beautiful, that she surpassed even the queen herself. Now when the queen asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror said:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White is still
A thousand times fairer than you.
When the queen heard the mirror say this, she became pale with envy, and from that hour on, she hated Snow-White. Whenever she looked at her, she thought that Snow-White was to blame that she was no longer the most beautiful woman in the world. This turned her heart around. Her jealousy gave her no peace. Finally she summoned a huntsman and said to him, “Take Snow-White out into the woods to a remote spot, and stab her to death. As proof that she is dead bring her lungs and her liver back to me. I shall cook them with salt and eat them.”
The huntsman took Snow-White into the woods. When he took out his hunting knife to stab her, she began to cry, and begged fervently that he might spare her life, promising to run away into the woods and never return. The huntsman took pity on her because she was so beautiful, and he thought, “The wild animals will soon devour her anyway. I’m glad that I don’t have to kill her.” Just then a young boar came running by. He killed it, cut out its lungs and liver, and took them back to the queen as proof of Snow-White’s death. She cooked them with salt and ate them, supposing that she had eaten Snow-White’s lungs and liver.
Snow-White was now all alone in the great forest. She was terribly afraid, and began to run. She ran over sharp stones and through thorns the entire day. Finally, just as the sun was about to set, she came to a little house. The house belonged to seven dwarfs. They were working in a mine, and not at home. Snow-White went inside and found everything to be small, but neat and orderly. There was a little table with seven little plates, seven little spoons, seven little knives and forks, seven little mugs, and against the wall there were seven little beds, all freshly made.
Snow-White was hungry and thirsty, so she ate a few vegetables and a little bread from each little plate, and from each little glass she drank a drop of wine. Because she was so tired, she wanted to lie down and go to sleep. She tried each of the seven little beds, one after the other, but none felt right until she came to the seventh one, and she lay down in it and fell asleep.
When night came, the seven dwarfs returned home from the work. They lit their seven little candles, and saw that someone had been in their house.
The first one said, “Who has been sitting in my chair?”
The second one, “Who has been eating from my plate?”
The third one, “Who has been eating my bread?”
The fourth one, “Who has been eating my vegetables?”
The fifth one, “Who has been sticking with my fork?”
The sixth one, “Who has been cutting with my knife?”
The seventh one, “Who has been drinking from my mug?”
Then the first one said, “Who stepped on my bed?”
The second one, “And someone has been lying in my bed.”
And so forth until the seventh one, and when he looked at his bed, he found Snow-White lying there, fast asleep. The seven dwarfs all came running, and they cried out with amazement. They fetched their seven candles and looked at Snow-White. “Good heaven! Good heaven!” they cried. “She is so beautiful!” They liked her very much. They did not wake her up, but let her lie there in the bed. The seventh dwarf had to sleep with his companions, one hour with each one, and then the night was done.
When Snow-White woke up, they asked her who she was and how she had found her way to their house. She told them how her mother had tried to kill her, how the huntsman had spared her life, how she had run the entire day, finally coming to their house. The dwarfs pitied her and said, “If you will keep house for us, and cook, sew, make beds, wash, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay here, and you’ll have everything that you want. We come home in the evening, and supper must be ready by then, but we spend the days digging for gold in the mine. You will be alone then. Watch out for the queen, and do not let anyone in.”
The queen thought that she was again the most beautiful woman in the land, and the next morning she stepped before the mirror and asked:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered once again:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White beyond the seven mountains
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
It startled the queen to hear this, and she knew that she had been deceived, that the huntsman had not killed Snow-White. Because only the seven dwarfs lived in the seven mountains, she knew at once that they must have rescued her. She began to plan immediately how she might kill her, because she would have no peace until the mirror once again said that she was the most beautiful woman in the land. At last she thought of something to do. She disguised herself as an old peddler woman and colored her face, so that no one would recognize her, and went to the dwarf’s house. Knocking on the door she called out, “Open up. Open up. I’m the old peddler woman with good wares for sale.”
Snow-White peered out the window, “What do you have?”
“Bodice laces, dear child,” said the old woman, and held one up. It was braided from yellow, red, and blue silk. “Would you like this one?”
“Oh, yes,” said Snow-White, thinking, “I can let the old woman come in. She means well.” She unbolted the door and bargained for the bodice laces.
“You are not laced up properly,” said the old woman. “Come here, I’ll do it better.” Snow-White stood before her, and she took hold of the laces and pulled them so tight that Snow-White could not breathe, and she fell down as if she were dead. Then the old woman was satisfied, and she went away.
Nightfall soon came, and the seven dwarfs returned home. They were horrified to find their dear Snow-White lying on the ground as if she were dead. They lifted her up and saw that she was laced up too tightly. They cut the bodice laces in two, and then she could breathe, and she came back to life. “It must have been the queen who tried to kill you,” they said. “Take care and do not let anyone in again.”
The queen asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered once again:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
She was so horrified that the blood all ran to her heart, because she knew that Snow-White had come back to life. Then for an entire day and a night she planned how she might catch her. She made a poisoned comb, disguised herself differently, and went out again. She knocked on the door, but Snow-White called out, “I am not allowed to let anyone in.”
Then she pulled out the comb, and when Snow-White saw how it glistened, and noted that the woman was a complete stranger, she opened the door, and bought the comb from her. “Come, let me comb your hair,” said the peddler woman. She had barely stuck the comb into Snow-White’s hair, before the girl fell down and was dead. “That will keep you lying there,” said the queen. And she went home with a light heart.
The dwarfs came home just in time. They saw what had happened and pulled the poisoned comb from her hair. Snow-White opened her eyes and came back to life. She promised the dwarfs not to let anyone in again.
The queen stepped before her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
When the queen heard this, she shook and trembled with anger, “Snow-White will die, if it costs me my life!” Then she went into her most secret room — no one else was allowed inside — and she made a poisoned, poisoned apple. From the outside it was red and beautiful, and anyone who saw it would want it. Then she disguised herself as a peasant woman, went to the dwarfs’ house and knocked on the door.
Snow-White peeped out and said, “I’m not allowed to let anyone in. The dwarfs have forbidden it most severely.”
“If you don’t want to, I can’t force you,” said the peasant woman. “I am selling these apples, and I will give you one to taste.”
“No, I can’t accept anything. The dwarfs don’t want me to.”
“If you are afraid, then I will cut the apple in two and eat half of it. Here, you eat the half with the beautiful red cheek!” Now the apple had been so artfully made that only the red half was poisoned. When Snow-White saw that the peasant woman was eating part of the apple, her desire for it grew stronger, so she finally let the woman hand her the other half through the window. She bit into it, but she barely had the bite in her mouth when she fell to the ground dead.
The queen was happy, went home, and asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
And it answered:
You, my queen, are fairest of all.
“Now I’ll have some peace,” she said, “because once again I’m the most beautiful woman in the land. Snow-White will remain dead this time.”
That evening the dwarfs returned home from the mines. Snow-White was lying on the floor, and she was dead. They loosened her laces and looked in her hair for something poisonous, but nothing helped. They could not bring her back to life. They laid her on a bier, and all seven sat next to her and cried and cried for three days. They were going to bury her, but they saw that she remained fresh. She did not look at all like a dead person, and she still had beautiful red cheeks. They had a glass coffin made for her, and laid her inside, so that she could be seen easily. They wrote her name and her ancestry on it in gold letters, and one of them always stayed at home and kept watch over her.
Snow-White lay there in the coffin a long, long time, and she did not decay. She was still as white as snow and as red as blood, and if she had been able to open her eyes, they still would have been as black as ebony wood. She lay there as if she were asleep.
One day a young prince came to the dwarfs’ house and wanted shelter for the night. When he came into their parlor and saw Snow-White lying there in a glass coffin, illuminated so beautifully by seven little candles, he could not get enough of her beauty. He read the golden inscription and saw that she was the daughter of a king. He asked the dwarfs to sell him the coffin with the dead Snow-White, but they would not do this for any amount of gold. Then he asked them to give her to him, for he could not live without being able to see her, and he would keep her, and honor her as his most cherished thing on earth. Then the dwarfs took pity on him and gave him the coffin.
The prince had it carried to his castle, and had it placed in a room where he sat by it the whole day, never taking his eyes from it. Whenever he had to go out and was unable to see Snow-White, he became sad. And he could not eat a bite, unless the coffin was standing next to him. Now the servants who always had to carry the coffin to and fro became angry about this. One time one of them opened the coffin, lifted Snow-White upright, and said, “We are plagued the whole day long, just because of such a dead girl,” and he hit her in the back with his hand. Then the terrible piece of apple that she had bitten off came out of her throat, and Snow-White came back to life.
She walked up to the prince, who was beside himself with joy to see his beloved Snow-White alive. They sat down together at the table and ate with joy.
Their wedding was set for the next day, and Snow-White’s godless mother was invited as well. That morning she stepped before the mirror and said:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But the young queen
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
She was horrified to hear this, and so overtaken with fear that she could not say anything. Still, her jealousy drove her to go to the wedding and see the young queen. When she arrived she saw that it was Snow-White. Then they put a pair of iron shoes into the fire until they glowed, and she had to put them on and dance in them. Her feet were terribly burned, and she could not stop until she had danced herself to death.
Now the queen was the most beautiful woman in all the land, and very proud of her beauty. She had a mirror, which she stood in front of every morning, and asked:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
And the mirror always said:
You, my queen, are fairest of all.
And then she knew for certain that no one in the world was more beautiful than she.
Now Snow-White grew up, and when she was seven years old, she was so beautiful, that she surpassed even the queen herself. Now when the queen asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror said:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White is still
A thousand times fairer than you.
When the queen heard the mirror say this, she became pale with envy, and from that hour on, she hated Snow-White. Whenever she looked at her, she thought that Snow-White was to blame that she was no longer the most beautiful woman in the world. This turned her heart around. Her jealousy gave her no peace. Finally she summoned a huntsman and said to him, “Take Snow-White out into the woods to a remote spot, and stab her to death. As proof that she is dead bring her lungs and her liver back to me. I shall cook them with salt and eat them.”
The huntsman took Snow-White into the woods. When he took out his hunting knife to stab her, she began to cry, and begged fervently that he might spare her life, promising to run away into the woods and never return. The huntsman took pity on her because she was so beautiful, and he thought, “The wild animals will soon devour her anyway. I’m glad that I don’t have to kill her.” Just then a young boar came running by. He killed it, cut out its lungs and liver, and took them back to the queen as proof of Snow-White’s death. She cooked them with salt and ate them, supposing that she had eaten Snow-White’s lungs and liver.
Snow-White was now all alone in the great forest. She was terribly afraid, and began to run. She ran over sharp stones and through thorns the entire day. Finally, just as the sun was about to set, she came to a little house. The house belonged to seven dwarfs. They were working in a mine, and not at home. Snow-White went inside and found everything to be small, but neat and orderly. There was a little table with seven little plates, seven little spoons, seven little knives and forks, seven little mugs, and against the wall there were seven little beds, all freshly made.
Snow-White was hungry and thirsty, so she ate a few vegetables and a little bread from each little plate, and from each little glass she drank a drop of wine. Because she was so tired, she wanted to lie down and go to sleep. She tried each of the seven little beds, one after the other, but none felt right until she came to the seventh one, and she lay down in it and fell asleep.
When night came, the seven dwarfs returned home from the work. They lit their seven little candles, and saw that someone had been in their house.
The first one said, “Who has been sitting in my chair?”
The second one, “Who has been eating from my plate?”
The third one, “Who has been eating my bread?”
The fourth one, “Who has been eating my vegetables?”
The fifth one, “Who has been sticking with my fork?”
The sixth one, “Who has been cutting with my knife?”
The seventh one, “Who has been drinking from my mug?”
Then the first one said, “Who stepped on my bed?”
The second one, “And someone has been lying in my bed.”
And so forth until the seventh one, and when he looked at his bed, he found Snow-White lying there, fast asleep. The seven dwarfs all came running, and they cried out with amazement. They fetched their seven candles and looked at Snow-White. “Good heaven! Good heaven!” they cried. “She is so beautiful!” They liked her very much. They did not wake her up, but let her lie there in the bed. The seventh dwarf had to sleep with his companions, one hour with each one, and then the night was done.
When Snow-White woke up, they asked her who she was and how she had found her way to their house. She told them how her mother had tried to kill her, how the huntsman had spared her life, how she had run the entire day, finally coming to their house. The dwarfs pitied her and said, “If you will keep house for us, and cook, sew, make beds, wash, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay here, and you’ll have everything that you want. We come home in the evening, and supper must be ready by then, but we spend the days digging for gold in the mine. You will be alone then. Watch out for the queen, and do not let anyone in.”
The queen thought that she was again the most beautiful woman in the land, and the next morning she stepped before the mirror and asked:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered once again:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White beyond the seven mountains
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
It startled the queen to hear this, and she knew that she had been deceived, that the huntsman had not killed Snow-White. Because only the seven dwarfs lived in the seven mountains, she knew at once that they must have rescued her. She began to plan immediately how she might kill her, because she would have no peace until the mirror once again said that she was the most beautiful woman in the land. At last she thought of something to do. She disguised herself as an old peddler woman and colored her face, so that no one would recognize her, and went to the dwarf’s house. Knocking on the door she called out, “Open up. Open up. I’m the old peddler woman with good wares for sale.”
Snow-White peered out the window, “What do you have?”
“Bodice laces, dear child,” said the old woman, and held one up. It was braided from yellow, red, and blue silk. “Would you like this one?”
“Oh, yes,” said Snow-White, thinking, “I can let the old woman come in. She means well.” She unbolted the door and bargained for the bodice laces.
“You are not laced up properly,” said the old woman. “Come here, I’ll do it better.” Snow-White stood before her, and she took hold of the laces and pulled them so tight that Snow-White could not breathe, and she fell down as if she were dead. Then the old woman was satisfied, and she went away.
Nightfall soon came, and the seven dwarfs returned home. They were horrified to find their dear Snow-White lying on the ground as if she were dead. They lifted her up and saw that she was laced up too tightly. They cut the bodice laces in two, and then she could breathe, and she came back to life. “It must have been the queen who tried to kill you,” they said. “Take care and do not let anyone in again.”
The queen asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered once again:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
She was so horrified that the blood all ran to her heart, because she knew that Snow-White had come back to life. Then for an entire day and a night she planned how she might catch her. She made a poisoned comb, disguised herself differently, and went out again. She knocked on the door, but Snow-White called out, “I am not allowed to let anyone in.”
Then she pulled out the comb, and when Snow-White saw how it glistened, and noted that the woman was a complete stranger, she opened the door, and bought the comb from her. “Come, let me comb your hair,” said the peddler woman. She had barely stuck the comb into Snow-White’s hair, before the girl fell down and was dead. “That will keep you lying there,” said the queen. And she went home with a light heart.
The dwarfs came home just in time. They saw what had happened and pulled the poisoned comb from her hair. Snow-White opened her eyes and came back to life. She promised the dwarfs not to let anyone in again.
The queen stepped before her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
When the queen heard this, she shook and trembled with anger, “Snow-White will die, if it costs me my life!” Then she went into her most secret room — no one else was allowed inside — and she made a poisoned, poisoned apple. From the outside it was red and beautiful, and anyone who saw it would want it. Then she disguised herself as a peasant woman, went to the dwarfs’ house and knocked on the door.
Snow-White peeped out and said, “I’m not allowed to let anyone in. The dwarfs have forbidden it most severely.”
“If you don’t want to, I can’t force you,” said the peasant woman. “I am selling these apples, and I will give you one to taste.”
“No, I can’t accept anything. The dwarfs don’t want me to.”
“If you are afraid, then I will cut the apple in two and eat half of it. Here, you eat the half with the beautiful red cheek!” Now the apple had been so artfully made that only the red half was poisoned. When Snow-White saw that the peasant woman was eating part of the apple, her desire for it grew stronger, so she finally let the woman hand her the other half through the window. She bit into it, but she barely had the bite in her mouth when she fell to the ground dead.
The queen was happy, went home, and asked her mirror:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
And it answered:
You, my queen, are fairest of all.
“Now I’ll have some peace,” she said, “because once again I’m the most beautiful woman in the land. Snow-White will remain dead this time.”
That evening the dwarfs returned home from the mines. Snow-White was lying on the floor, and she was dead. They loosened her laces and looked in her hair for something poisonous, but nothing helped. They could not bring her back to life. They laid her on a bier, and all seven sat next to her and cried and cried for three days. They were going to bury her, but they saw that she remained fresh. She did not look at all like a dead person, and she still had beautiful red cheeks. They had a glass coffin made for her, and laid her inside, so that she could be seen easily. They wrote her name and her ancestry on it in gold letters, and one of them always stayed at home and kept watch over her.
Snow-White lay there in the coffin a long, long time, and she did not decay. She was still as white as snow and as red as blood, and if she had been able to open her eyes, they still would have been as black as ebony wood. She lay there as if she were asleep.
One day a young prince came to the dwarfs’ house and wanted shelter for the night. When he came into their parlor and saw Snow-White lying there in a glass coffin, illuminated so beautifully by seven little candles, he could not get enough of her beauty. He read the golden inscription and saw that she was the daughter of a king. He asked the dwarfs to sell him the coffin with the dead Snow-White, but they would not do this for any amount of gold. Then he asked them to give her to him, for he could not live without being able to see her, and he would keep her, and honor her as his most cherished thing on earth. Then the dwarfs took pity on him and gave him the coffin.
The prince had it carried to his castle, and had it placed in a room where he sat by it the whole day, never taking his eyes from it. Whenever he had to go out and was unable to see Snow-White, he became sad. And he could not eat a bite, unless the coffin was standing next to him. Now the servants who always had to carry the coffin to and fro became angry about this. One time one of them opened the coffin, lifted Snow-White upright, and said, “We are plagued the whole day long, just because of such a dead girl,” and he hit her in the back with his hand. Then the terrible piece of apple that she had bitten off came out of her throat, and Snow-White came back to life.
She walked up to the prince, who was beside himself with joy to see his beloved Snow-White alive. They sat down together at the table and ate with joy.
Their wedding was set for the next day, and Snow-White’s godless mother was invited as well. That morning she stepped before the mirror and said:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But the young queen
Is a thousand times fairer than you.
She was horrified to hear this, and so overtaken with fear that she could not say anything. Still, her jealousy drove her to go to the wedding and see the young queen. When she arrived she saw that it was Snow-White. Then they put a pair of iron shoes into the fire until they glowed, and she had to put them on and dance in them. Her feet were terribly burned, and she could not stop until she had danced herself to death.
TEORI DIRECT AND INDIRECT
TEORI DIRECT AND INDIRECT
Kata-kata yang langsung keluar dari si pembicara kepada seseorang dalam percakapan biasa, pertanyaan atau perintah; Kata-kata atau ucapan tersebut diberi tanda “…” inilah yang dikatakan Direct ; sedangkan kata-kata yang keluar dari si pembicara dan diceritakan atau diucapkan kembali kepada seseorang disebut Indrect. Kita melihat banyak perubahan (kata, waktu) dalam indirect. Kita dapat mempelajari cara membentuk kalimat tidak langsung dari kaliamat langsung.
1. Bila kata kerja untuk melaporkan adalah say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk present dan kata-kata yang dikeluarkan si pembicara dalam waktu present juga, maka tense (waktu)tidak berubah.
2. Demikian juga bila kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara kata kerjanya dalam bentuk present perfect dan future, maka tense tidak mengalami perubhan.
Contoh:
She says, “ I will go to school.”
She says that she will go to school.
3. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam kata kerja bentuk past simple, walaupun kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja present, kata kerja harus juga past simple.
4. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk past simple dan kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja past simple pula, maka dalam kalimat tidak langsung kata kerja harus dalam bentuk past pperfect.
Contoh:
• They said, “ we bought a book at book store.”
• They said that they had bough a book at book store.
5. Perubahan kata-kata :
• I menjadi he atau she.
• You menjadi I atau he atau she.
• We menjadi they.
• My menjadi his atau her.
• Our menjadi their.
• Here menjadi there.
• Now mejnadi then.
• This menjadi that.
CONTOH KALIMAT DIRECT AND INDRECT:
1. Direct : David said, “I am a post man.”
Indirect : David said that he was a post man.
2. Direct : She said, “the boy comes.”
Indirect : She said that the boy came.
3. Direct : He said, “Pardon me, sir”
Indirect : He said to pardon him.
4. Direct : Cole said, “ I very claver.”
Indirect : Cole said that she claver.
5. Direct : Yuna said, “I reading a novel”
Indirect : Yuna said that she is reading.
Kata-kata yang langsung keluar dari si pembicara kepada seseorang dalam percakapan biasa, pertanyaan atau perintah; Kata-kata atau ucapan tersebut diberi tanda “…” inilah yang dikatakan Direct ; sedangkan kata-kata yang keluar dari si pembicara dan diceritakan atau diucapkan kembali kepada seseorang disebut Indrect. Kita melihat banyak perubahan (kata, waktu) dalam indirect. Kita dapat mempelajari cara membentuk kalimat tidak langsung dari kaliamat langsung.
1. Bila kata kerja untuk melaporkan adalah say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk present dan kata-kata yang dikeluarkan si pembicara dalam waktu present juga, maka tense (waktu)tidak berubah.
2. Demikian juga bila kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara kata kerjanya dalam bentuk present perfect dan future, maka tense tidak mengalami perubhan.
Contoh:
She says, “ I will go to school.”
She says that she will go to school.
3. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam kata kerja bentuk past simple, walaupun kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja present, kata kerja harus juga past simple.
4. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk past simple dan kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja past simple pula, maka dalam kalimat tidak langsung kata kerja harus dalam bentuk past pperfect.
Contoh:
• They said, “ we bought a book at book store.”
• They said that they had bough a book at book store.
5. Perubahan kata-kata :
• I menjadi he atau she.
• You menjadi I atau he atau she.
• We menjadi they.
• My menjadi his atau her.
• Our menjadi their.
• Here menjadi there.
• Now mejnadi then.
• This menjadi that.
CONTOH KALIMAT DIRECT AND INDRECT:
1. Direct : David said, “I am a post man.”
Indirect : David said that he was a post man.
2. Direct : She said, “the boy comes.”
Indirect : She said that the boy came.
3. Direct : He said, “Pardon me, sir”
Indirect : He said to pardon him.
4. Direct : Cole said, “ I very claver.”
Indirect : Cole said that she claver.
5. Direct : Yuna said, “I reading a novel”
Indirect : Yuna said that she is reading.
Selasa, 29 Maret 2011
GOLOG STONE (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
In antiquity in the area near the River Padamara Sawing in West Nusa Tenggara there lived a poor family. The wife named Inaq Lembain and her husband named Amaq Lembain
Their livelihoods are agricultural laborers. Every day they walk kedesa village offers strength to pound rice.
If Inaq Lembain pound rice it came with her two children as well. One day, he was busy pounding rice. Both children placed on a flat rock near where he worked.
Surprisingly, when Inaq began to pound, the rock where they sit more and more ascending. Feeling like removed, then the eldest son started calling his mother: "Mother is the higher the stone." But unfortunately Inaq Lembain was busy working. Answered, "My son just wait a minute, Mom was just pounding."
That happened repeatedly. Flat stone is increasingly rising to more than a coconut tree. The two children then scream uncontrollably. However, Inaq Lembain keep busy pounding and winnowing rice. Children's voices were getting more and more faint. Eventually the voice was not heard from again.
Goloq stone was increasingly high. Up to bring the children reach the clouds. They were crying uncontrollably. Just when it Inaq Lembain realized, that her children are gone. They were taken up by the Stone Goloq.
Inaq Lembain sobbed. He then prayed for to take his son. Syahdan prayer was answered. He was given magical powers. with his belt he will be able to cut off the Stone Goloq it. Miraculously, the stone was cut with his belt severed into three parts. The first part falls in a place which later was named the Village Gembong olrh because the soil there quivering. The second part falls in a place called Stone Dasan because there are people who witnessed the fall of a fragment of this stone. And the last piece falls somewhere rumbling noise. So the place was named Montong Teker.
While the two children had not fallen to earth. They have turned into a two-tailed bird. The eldest son turned into a bird Kekuwo and sister turned into a bird Kelik. Therefore, both derived from humans, the two birds were not able to incubate their eggs.
Their livelihoods are agricultural laborers. Every day they walk kedesa village offers strength to pound rice.
If Inaq Lembain pound rice it came with her two children as well. One day, he was busy pounding rice. Both children placed on a flat rock near where he worked.
Surprisingly, when Inaq began to pound, the rock where they sit more and more ascending. Feeling like removed, then the eldest son started calling his mother: "Mother is the higher the stone." But unfortunately Inaq Lembain was busy working. Answered, "My son just wait a minute, Mom was just pounding."
That happened repeatedly. Flat stone is increasingly rising to more than a coconut tree. The two children then scream uncontrollably. However, Inaq Lembain keep busy pounding and winnowing rice. Children's voices were getting more and more faint. Eventually the voice was not heard from again.
Goloq stone was increasingly high. Up to bring the children reach the clouds. They were crying uncontrollably. Just when it Inaq Lembain realized, that her children are gone. They were taken up by the Stone Goloq.
Inaq Lembain sobbed. He then prayed for to take his son. Syahdan prayer was answered. He was given magical powers. with his belt he will be able to cut off the Stone Goloq it. Miraculously, the stone was cut with his belt severed into three parts. The first part falls in a place which later was named the Village Gembong olrh because the soil there quivering. The second part falls in a place called Stone Dasan because there are people who witnessed the fall of a fragment of this stone. And the last piece falls somewhere rumbling noise. So the place was named Montong Teker.
While the two children had not fallen to earth. They have turned into a two-tailed bird. The eldest son turned into a bird Kekuwo and sister turned into a bird Kelik. Therefore, both derived from humans, the two birds were not able to incubate their eggs.
CINDELARAS (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Raden Putra was the king of the Kingdom Jenggala. He was accompanied by a consort of good heart and a beautiful concubine. However, the concubine of King Raden Putra has the nature of envy and jealousy against the empress. He is a bad plan to the empress. "Supposedly, I'm the one who became empress. I must find a way to get rid of the empress, "she thought.
Concubine of the king, conspired with a physician's palace. He pretended to severe pain. Court physicians be called immediately. The healer said that someone had put poison in the drink lady. "The man was none other than the consort of King himself," said the physician. King became angry to hear the explanation the court physician. He immediately ordered his patih to get rid of the empress to the forest.
The governor immediately took empress who was pregnant was the wilderness. But, a wise governor would not kill him. Apparently the governor had known the king's concubines malicious intent. "Mr. daughter not to worry, I will report to the king that the princess was murdered servant," said the governor. To deceive the king, his vizier stain his sword with the arrest of rabbit blood. King bear satisfied when the governor reported that he had killed the empress.
After several months in the jungle, was born the son of the empress. The baby was given the name Cindelaras. Cindelaras grow into a child who is smart and handsome. Since childhood he had been friends with forest-dwelling animals. One day, when you're busy playing, a hawk dropped an egg. "Well, the eagle was very good. He deliberately gave eggs to me. "After 3 weeks, the eggs hatch. Cindelaras chicken with diligent care of the child. Chick grew into a cock is good and strong. But there is one oddity. The sound of a rooster crowing it's absolutely stunning! "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ..."
Cindelaras very surprised to hear crowing chickens and immediately showed his mother. Then, the mother tells the origin Cindelaras why they got in the forest. Hearing the story of his mother, Cindelaras determined to expose the crime to the palace and the king's concubines. Having allowed his mother, Cindelaras went to the palace accompanied by a rooster. While on the way there are some people who were risking chicken. Cindelaras then summoned by the penyabung chicken. "Come on, if you dare, adulah jantanmu chicken with my chicken," she challenged. "Well," replied Cindelaras. When pitted, it turns out Cindelaras cock fight with powerful and in a short time, he can beat his opponent. After a few times pitted, chicken Cindelaras unbeatable. The chicken is really tough.
News of the wonders of chicken Cindelaras spread quickly. Raden Putra had heard the news. Then, Raden Putra told hulubalangnya to invite Cindelaras. "I was facing his excellency," said Cindelaras politely. "The boy is handsome and intelligent, it seems he is not a descendant of the common people," thought the king. Chicken Cindelaras pitted with chicken Raden Putra on one condition, if the chicken Cindelaras lose then he was willing to cut off his head, but if the chicken wins then half the wealth belongs Cindelaras Raden Putra.
Two chickens were fighting bravely. But in a short time, chicken chicken Cindelaras conquered the King. The audience cheered and chanted Cindelaras chicken. "Well I admit defeat. I will keep my promise. But who are you, young man? "Tanya King Raden Putra. Cindelaras immediately bent like whispered something in his chicken. Not long after the chicken immediately rang. "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ...," the rooster crowed repeatedly. Raden Putra Cindelaras shocked to hear crowing cock. "Is it true?" Ask the king surprise. "Yes sir, name Cindelaras servant, the servant is the consort of King's mother."
Simultaneously, the governor immediately face and tell all the events that really happened in consort. "I've made a mistake," said King Raden Putra. "I'll give justly punished in my mistress," continued the king with rage. Then, the concubine Raden Putra was in the exhaust into the forest. Raden Putra immediately embraced her and apologized for his mistakes after that, Raden Putra and district chief consort to the forest to pick up soon .. Finally Raden Putra, empress and Cindelaras can get together again. After Raden Putra died, Cindelaras replace his father. He ruled his country with a fair and wise.
Concubine of the king, conspired with a physician's palace. He pretended to severe pain. Court physicians be called immediately. The healer said that someone had put poison in the drink lady. "The man was none other than the consort of King himself," said the physician. King became angry to hear the explanation the court physician. He immediately ordered his patih to get rid of the empress to the forest.
The governor immediately took empress who was pregnant was the wilderness. But, a wise governor would not kill him. Apparently the governor had known the king's concubines malicious intent. "Mr. daughter not to worry, I will report to the king that the princess was murdered servant," said the governor. To deceive the king, his vizier stain his sword with the arrest of rabbit blood. King bear satisfied when the governor reported that he had killed the empress.
After several months in the jungle, was born the son of the empress. The baby was given the name Cindelaras. Cindelaras grow into a child who is smart and handsome. Since childhood he had been friends with forest-dwelling animals. One day, when you're busy playing, a hawk dropped an egg. "Well, the eagle was very good. He deliberately gave eggs to me. "After 3 weeks, the eggs hatch. Cindelaras chicken with diligent care of the child. Chick grew into a cock is good and strong. But there is one oddity. The sound of a rooster crowing it's absolutely stunning! "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ..."
Cindelaras very surprised to hear crowing chickens and immediately showed his mother. Then, the mother tells the origin Cindelaras why they got in the forest. Hearing the story of his mother, Cindelaras determined to expose the crime to the palace and the king's concubines. Having allowed his mother, Cindelaras went to the palace accompanied by a rooster. While on the way there are some people who were risking chicken. Cindelaras then summoned by the penyabung chicken. "Come on, if you dare, adulah jantanmu chicken with my chicken," she challenged. "Well," replied Cindelaras. When pitted, it turns out Cindelaras cock fight with powerful and in a short time, he can beat his opponent. After a few times pitted, chicken Cindelaras unbeatable. The chicken is really tough.
News of the wonders of chicken Cindelaras spread quickly. Raden Putra had heard the news. Then, Raden Putra told hulubalangnya to invite Cindelaras. "I was facing his excellency," said Cindelaras politely. "The boy is handsome and intelligent, it seems he is not a descendant of the common people," thought the king. Chicken Cindelaras pitted with chicken Raden Putra on one condition, if the chicken Cindelaras lose then he was willing to cut off his head, but if the chicken wins then half the wealth belongs Cindelaras Raden Putra.
Two chickens were fighting bravely. But in a short time, chicken chicken Cindelaras conquered the King. The audience cheered and chanted Cindelaras chicken. "Well I admit defeat. I will keep my promise. But who are you, young man? "Tanya King Raden Putra. Cindelaras immediately bent like whispered something in his chicken. Not long after the chicken immediately rang. "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ...," the rooster crowed repeatedly. Raden Putra Cindelaras shocked to hear crowing cock. "Is it true?" Ask the king surprise. "Yes sir, name Cindelaras servant, the servant is the consort of King's mother."
Simultaneously, the governor immediately face and tell all the events that really happened in consort. "I've made a mistake," said King Raden Putra. "I'll give justly punished in my mistress," continued the king with rage. Then, the concubine Raden Putra was in the exhaust into the forest. Raden Putra immediately embraced her and apologized for his mistakes after that, Raden Putra and district chief consort to the forest to pick up soon .. Finally Raden Putra, empress and Cindelaras can get together again. After Raden Putra died, Cindelaras replace his father. He ruled his country with a fair and wise.
SANGKURIANG (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
This is an example of how nature was converted into a legend, such as Bandung lake and Mt Tangkuban Perahu with the story of Queen Dayang Sumbi and her son Sangkuriang cited from Neuman va Padang (1971). Once Sangkuriang, whilst growing up, he was so naughty and got hurt and the wound formed an ugly scar.
The King, who loved his son above everything was so furious that his son had hurt himself that he rejected his wife. Fifteen years later, being of age, Sangkuriang asked his father permission to take a trip to West Java. After arriving in the plain of Bandung, he met a beautiful lady, fell in love and ask her to marry him and she accepted. But one day when she caressed her lover’s head she saw the wound. The loving woman, turned out to be the disowned queen, discovered that she was in love with her son and marriage was impossible.
The marriage had to be prevented. Not willing to admit that she was his mother she thought of a way out. The day before the wedding was due to take place, she said to her husband to be, tomorrow is our wedding day, and if you are true to your love to me and love me as much you say do then I want to celebrate the wedding on board a ship, a proa. Tomorrow morning at day break, I want to sail with you on a great lake in a nice boat and there must be a banquet feast. Sangkuriang was embarrassed but he was not willing to refuse. He begged the help of the lake’s helpful spirits. By causing a landslide, the lake spirit dammed the river Citarum that flowed through the plain of Bandung. The force of the water felled big tree and a boat was constructed while other lake spirits prepared the wedding banquet.
Early in the morning the Queen saw that the impossible had been realised so she prayed to Brama, the mighty God, to help her to prevent the disgrace of a marriage between a mother and her son. Brama destroyed the dam in turbulence and Sangkuriang was drowned. The queen in her agony threw herself on the capsized boat, breaking through the hull of the ship and was also drowned.
Now, the vast plain of Bandung is flanked on its north side by the volcano Tangkuban Perahu, the capsized boat. The Queen’s jump on the hull of the ship is the Kawah Ratu, the crater of the Queen. The hot fumaroles and tremors in the crater represent the tears of the sad mother still sobbing. East of Mt Tangkuban Perahu rises the Bukit Tunggul, trunk mountain, the trunk of the tree from which the boat was made and to the west we find Mt Burangrang, the “crown of leaves”. At many places along the shore of the lake Neolithic obsidian tools of primitive inhabitants are found and described by von Koeningswald (1935). These Neolithic people noticed that the hold was cut deeper and deeper by erosion caused by the lowering water. Finally only a marshy plain remained.
Centuries later the inhabitants of Bandung plain still know about the legend of the existence of a former lake. Not knowing anything about geology, but living in the taboos of spirit ghosts and Gods, geological facts were put together in a tale that was understandable.
The King, who loved his son above everything was so furious that his son had hurt himself that he rejected his wife. Fifteen years later, being of age, Sangkuriang asked his father permission to take a trip to West Java. After arriving in the plain of Bandung, he met a beautiful lady, fell in love and ask her to marry him and she accepted. But one day when she caressed her lover’s head she saw the wound. The loving woman, turned out to be the disowned queen, discovered that she was in love with her son and marriage was impossible.
The marriage had to be prevented. Not willing to admit that she was his mother she thought of a way out. The day before the wedding was due to take place, she said to her husband to be, tomorrow is our wedding day, and if you are true to your love to me and love me as much you say do then I want to celebrate the wedding on board a ship, a proa. Tomorrow morning at day break, I want to sail with you on a great lake in a nice boat and there must be a banquet feast. Sangkuriang was embarrassed but he was not willing to refuse. He begged the help of the lake’s helpful spirits. By causing a landslide, the lake spirit dammed the river Citarum that flowed through the plain of Bandung. The force of the water felled big tree and a boat was constructed while other lake spirits prepared the wedding banquet.
Early in the morning the Queen saw that the impossible had been realised so she prayed to Brama, the mighty God, to help her to prevent the disgrace of a marriage between a mother and her son. Brama destroyed the dam in turbulence and Sangkuriang was drowned. The queen in her agony threw herself on the capsized boat, breaking through the hull of the ship and was also drowned.
Now, the vast plain of Bandung is flanked on its north side by the volcano Tangkuban Perahu, the capsized boat. The Queen’s jump on the hull of the ship is the Kawah Ratu, the crater of the Queen. The hot fumaroles and tremors in the crater represent the tears of the sad mother still sobbing. East of Mt Tangkuban Perahu rises the Bukit Tunggul, trunk mountain, the trunk of the tree from which the boat was made and to the west we find Mt Burangrang, the “crown of leaves”. At many places along the shore of the lake Neolithic obsidian tools of primitive inhabitants are found and described by von Koeningswald (1935). These Neolithic people noticed that the hold was cut deeper and deeper by erosion caused by the lowering water. Finally only a marshy plain remained.
Centuries later the inhabitants of Bandung plain still know about the legend of the existence of a former lake. Not knowing anything about geology, but living in the taboos of spirit ghosts and Gods, geological facts were put together in a tale that was understandable.
THE LANCANG (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
In ancient times, in Kampar district, there lived the Lancang with his mother. They were concerned about the daily life relies on a minimal income as a laborer. This situation makes the Lancang thought to improve the lot by going outside the region.
One day, he went into the land of the Lancang. Narrated, the Lancang worked hard for many years. All the struggle was worth it, he managed to reach his goal to be rich. He became a merchant who has dozens of merchant ships. However, he forgot his mother and all the promise of sweetness first.
One day, the Lancang layover in Kampar. News coming of the Lancang heard by his mother. He thinks that the Lancang home for himself. By memeberanikan himself, he rose to the deck of a luxury ship the Lancang. The mother immediately went to the Lncang and seventh wife. Great astonishment of the Lancang when watching women dressed in ragged that it is his mother. However, the hope of the Lancang only hope. Shame and anger he could not even stand it. Her mother immediately approached him.
"You Lancang, my son! Oh ... what a heart miss you Ma. "Hearing the greeting is, the Lancang so have the heart to ward off the recognition of his mother screaming.
"How could I have a poor woman like your mother. Kelsai! Banish this crazy woman! "
With a feeling shattered, his mother left all wishful thinking about his son. Liver injuries such as knife slashed. Arriving at home, has lost her common sense and affection because of ill-treatment. He took the heritage of its rice pestle and mortar in the form of a nyiru. He turned it and dikibas-kibas nyiru and said, "My Lord ... punish the rebellious child's"
Apparently not need the old lights, God grant that request ibuntua old. In a flash, come down hurricane. The storm devastated the merchant ships owned by the Lancang and his possessions are also flying off somewhere. According to local folklore, woven silk floating and falling into Fold fabrics located in Kampar Kiri. His gong was thrown into a river Kampar Kanan and Ogong. Tembikarnya drift into Pasubilah, flagpole while the ship until the Lancang thrown in a lake called Lake of the Lancang. Until now, the names of places that still exist and can be witnessed.
One day, he went into the land of the Lancang. Narrated, the Lancang worked hard for many years. All the struggle was worth it, he managed to reach his goal to be rich. He became a merchant who has dozens of merchant ships. However, he forgot his mother and all the promise of sweetness first.
One day, the Lancang layover in Kampar. News coming of the Lancang heard by his mother. He thinks that the Lancang home for himself. By memeberanikan himself, he rose to the deck of a luxury ship the Lancang. The mother immediately went to the Lncang and seventh wife. Great astonishment of the Lancang when watching women dressed in ragged that it is his mother. However, the hope of the Lancang only hope. Shame and anger he could not even stand it. Her mother immediately approached him.
"You Lancang, my son! Oh ... what a heart miss you Ma. "Hearing the greeting is, the Lancang so have the heart to ward off the recognition of his mother screaming.
"How could I have a poor woman like your mother. Kelsai! Banish this crazy woman! "
With a feeling shattered, his mother left all wishful thinking about his son. Liver injuries such as knife slashed. Arriving at home, has lost her common sense and affection because of ill-treatment. He took the heritage of its rice pestle and mortar in the form of a nyiru. He turned it and dikibas-kibas nyiru and said, "My Lord ... punish the rebellious child's"
Apparently not need the old lights, God grant that request ibuntua old. In a flash, come down hurricane. The storm devastated the merchant ships owned by the Lancang and his possessions are also flying off somewhere. According to local folklore, woven silk floating and falling into Fold fabrics located in Kampar Kiri. His gong was thrown into a river Kampar Kanan and Ogong. Tembikarnya drift into Pasubilah, flagpole while the ship until the Lancang thrown in a lake called Lake of the Lancang. Until now, the names of places that still exist and can be witnessed.
RHEA GODDESS OF GREECE
Rhea, wife of Cronus and mother of Zeus and the gods of Olympus others, described as the earth and is regarded as the mother of the Great and producers from around the endless natural herbs. He is also in charge of the creation of animals, especially lions, king of the beasts. Rhea, in general portrayed in memory of a crown of small towers that tall and sits on the throne with a lion crouching at his feet. Sometimes he is depicted sitting in a chariot drawn by lions.
The main place of worship of Rhea, who has always had a very wild, was in Crete. At the time of the festival which took place at night, the strains of music that is not uniformly from flutes, cymbals, and drum sounds, while the shouts and cries of joy and dances accompanied by a loud pounding feet filled the air.
Goddess was introduced into Crete by the inhabitants of Phrygia in Asia Minor, the State where Rhea was worshiped by the name of Cybele. The people of Crete worshiped as the Great Mother, Rhea's role as a crutch because vegetable world. When winter comes, all the glory gone, the flowers fade, and the leafless trees, the population of Crete is a love. Rhea told captivated by the young people who have extraordinary good looks named Atys, who have proved to be loyal to Rhea and the resulting kesediahan and anger. At the time of Atys will unite ourselves with a fairy named line of, anger Rhea suddenly exploded in the middle of the wedding. Guests who attended the panic and suffering from temporary insanity Atys fled to the mountains and destroy itself. Cybele with sadness and regret hold an annual mourning ceremony. Priests, Corybantes, accompanied by their noise, and together they walked to the mountains to search for lost youth. When he finally found a massive Atys, they wreak his joy with a wild hand gestures, dancing, shouting, and at the same time hurt themselves with that horrible way.
The main place of worship of Rhea, who has always had a very wild, was in Crete. At the time of the festival which took place at night, the strains of music that is not uniformly from flutes, cymbals, and drum sounds, while the shouts and cries of joy and dances accompanied by a loud pounding feet filled the air.
Goddess was introduced into Crete by the inhabitants of Phrygia in Asia Minor, the State where Rhea was worshiped by the name of Cybele. The people of Crete worshiped as the Great Mother, Rhea's role as a crutch because vegetable world. When winter comes, all the glory gone, the flowers fade, and the leafless trees, the population of Crete is a love. Rhea told captivated by the young people who have extraordinary good looks named Atys, who have proved to be loyal to Rhea and the resulting kesediahan and anger. At the time of Atys will unite ourselves with a fairy named line of, anger Rhea suddenly exploded in the middle of the wedding. Guests who attended the panic and suffering from temporary insanity Atys fled to the mountains and destroy itself. Cybele with sadness and regret hold an annual mourning ceremony. Priests, Corybantes, accompanied by their noise, and together they walked to the mountains to search for lost youth. When he finally found a massive Atys, they wreak his joy with a wild hand gestures, dancing, shouting, and at the same time hurt themselves with that horrible way.
2NE1 OF STORY (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Now the girl group or groups of Korean men are very famous in the region asia. Likewise in Indonesia, many who loved and idolized the girl group or groups of Korean men. One of them is the famous group of 2NE1 upbringing YG Entertainment. Although their new debut in 2009. But 2NE1 so take a lot of public attention with their performances are so energetic and their music-music.
2NE1 consists of several members of the CL, Minzy, Dara and the Bomb. CL is a leader in this group. The girl who named Lee Chae Rin was born on february 26, 1991. He has the ability worthy of pride. In addition to being the leader he is also a major Raper in this group. In addition, he also lived in France. So no wonder if he is fluent in French, English and Japanese.
Minzy adala naggota youngest in this group. Although it still looks young, girl named Gong Min Ji is adept in dancing and brought rap with very powerful. Girl born 18 january 1994 to learn dance from her aunt since childhood. Her aunt was a very famous traditional dancer. He also has won many dance contests. So no wonder the 2NE1 she became principal dancer. Jam, he also speaks fluent Japanese and Mandarin.
Dara or named Sandara Park is a member who first debuted in the entertainment, in 2004 he won a contest in the Philippines. But he's only 3 months of its debut in the Philippines. Later he moved to Korea and made his debut as a singer with 2NE1. Girl born 12 November 1984 was a vocalist in 2NE1. He was also fluent in Tagalog, English and Mandarin.
Park Bom or Bom this is the main vocalist in 2NE1. Before debut with 2NE1, bomb first debut is collaborating with the Big Bang. The girl was born March 24, 1984 also lived in the United States. So do not be surprised if he bebahasa fluent English and Japanese. Idol singer is Mariah Carey and Beyonce.
The songs are well-known 2NE1 is Fire, I do not care, Try to follow me, Let's go party, Go Away, Can not Nobody, Clap your Hands. 2NE1 also will make its debut in Japan with their flagship song is Go Away.
2NE1 consists of several members of the CL, Minzy, Dara and the Bomb. CL is a leader in this group. The girl who named Lee Chae Rin was born on february 26, 1991. He has the ability worthy of pride. In addition to being the leader he is also a major Raper in this group. In addition, he also lived in France. So no wonder if he is fluent in French, English and Japanese.
Minzy adala naggota youngest in this group. Although it still looks young, girl named Gong Min Ji is adept in dancing and brought rap with very powerful. Girl born 18 january 1994 to learn dance from her aunt since childhood. Her aunt was a very famous traditional dancer. He also has won many dance contests. So no wonder the 2NE1 she became principal dancer. Jam, he also speaks fluent Japanese and Mandarin.
Dara or named Sandara Park is a member who first debuted in the entertainment, in 2004 he won a contest in the Philippines. But he's only 3 months of its debut in the Philippines. Later he moved to Korea and made his debut as a singer with 2NE1. Girl born 12 November 1984 was a vocalist in 2NE1. He was also fluent in Tagalog, English and Mandarin.
Park Bom or Bom this is the main vocalist in 2NE1. Before debut with 2NE1, bomb first debut is collaborating with the Big Bang. The girl was born March 24, 1984 also lived in the United States. So do not be surprised if he bebahasa fluent English and Japanese. Idol singer is Mariah Carey and Beyonce.
The songs are well-known 2NE1 is Fire, I do not care, Try to follow me, Let's go party, Go Away, Can not Nobody, Clap your Hands. 2NE1 also will make its debut in Japan with their flagship song is Go Away.
TEMPLE OF ANCOL (ARTIKEL)
According sahibul saga, a ship from China is in the voyage to the port of Sunda Kelapa. The ship is owned by Sampo Toalang bring some crew, including Ming, the cook.
Moments lamnya ships sail. Sea in a state of calm, even wavelength was reluctant to move. However, suddenly a huge wave mengahantam hull. Panic struck all who are in it. They were busy throwing seawater into the rush.
Not to lose a sense of panic, a giant dragon appeared in front of the ship. The dragon put a halt to the ship as she sticks out her tongue. The presence of the dragon seems to lead to large waves, so that the ship was rocked by terrible. Realizing the great danger in front of him, Sampo Toalang managed to kill the dragon. Distress and the vessel was successfully passed through to the destination.
The rate of the ship remained with the same speed, to near Sunda Kelapa area. However, the sudden announcement Toalang Sampo.
"Brothers and sisters, as Sunda Kelapa affected by flooding, we will be docked in Ancol."
"Now you come down to the ground to buy drugs!"
Ming, the cook, was ordered to buy food and drinks. Sun immediately went to the market. he wanted to buy food and drinks. While shopping, he glanced a girl. "Who the pretty girl, I want to know his name," said Ming in the liver. Sun introduces herself.
"Hello, my name is Ming, can I meet you?"
"My name is Siti. Siti Wati. "
Since the first meeting, Ming immediately fell in love. Love blossomed at first sight. Presumably, Sun does not love unrequited. Siti Wati also liked it. Long story short, Ming to marry Siti Wati. The story ends happily when they were sick. Physical pain is difficult to cure. Finally, Ming and Siti Wati died. To commemorate the Ming and Siti Wati, local people built a temple known as the Pagoda Ancol, as a symbol of the unity of the two cultures.
Moments lamnya ships sail. Sea in a state of calm, even wavelength was reluctant to move. However, suddenly a huge wave mengahantam hull. Panic struck all who are in it. They were busy throwing seawater into the rush.
Not to lose a sense of panic, a giant dragon appeared in front of the ship. The dragon put a halt to the ship as she sticks out her tongue. The presence of the dragon seems to lead to large waves, so that the ship was rocked by terrible. Realizing the great danger in front of him, Sampo Toalang managed to kill the dragon. Distress and the vessel was successfully passed through to the destination.
The rate of the ship remained with the same speed, to near Sunda Kelapa area. However, the sudden announcement Toalang Sampo.
"Brothers and sisters, as Sunda Kelapa affected by flooding, we will be docked in Ancol."
"Now you come down to the ground to buy drugs!"
Ming, the cook, was ordered to buy food and drinks. Sun immediately went to the market. he wanted to buy food and drinks. While shopping, he glanced a girl. "Who the pretty girl, I want to know his name," said Ming in the liver. Sun introduces herself.
"Hello, my name is Ming, can I meet you?"
"My name is Siti. Siti Wati. "
Since the first meeting, Ming immediately fell in love. Love blossomed at first sight. Presumably, Sun does not love unrequited. Siti Wati also liked it. Long story short, Ming to marry Siti Wati. The story ends happily when they were sick. Physical pain is difficult to cure. Finally, Ming and Siti Wati died. To commemorate the Ming and Siti Wati, local people built a temple known as the Pagoda Ancol, as a symbol of the unity of the two cultures.
According sahibul saga, a ship from China is in the voyage to the port of Sunda Kelapa. The ship is owned by Sampo Toalang bring some crew, including Ming, the cook.
Moments lamnya ships sail. Sea in a state of calm, even wavelength was reluctant to move. However, suddenly a huge wave mengahantam hull. Panic struck all who are in it. They were busy throwing seawater into the rush.
Not to lose a sense of panic, a giant dragon appeared in front of the ship. The dragon put a halt to the ship as she sticks out her tongue. The presence of the dragon seems to lead to large waves, so that the ship was rocked by terrible. Realizing the great danger in front of him, Sampo Toalang managed to kill the dragon. Distress and the vessel was successfully passed through to the destination.
The rate of the ship remained with the same speed, to near Sunda Kelapa area. However, the sudden announcement Toalang Sampo.
"Brothers and sisters, as Sunda Kelapa affected by flooding, we will be docked in Ancol."
"Now you come down to the ground to buy drugs!"
Ming, the cook, was ordered to buy food and drinks. Sun immediately went to the market. he wanted to buy food and drinks. While shopping, he glanced a girl. "Who the pretty girl, I want to know his name," said Ming in the liver. Sun introduces herself.
"Hello, my name is Ming, can I meet you?"
"My name is Siti. Siti Wati. "
Since the first meeting, Ming immediately fell in love. Love blossomed at first sight. Presumably, Sun does not love unrequited. Siti Wati also liked it. Long story short, Ming to marry Siti Wati. The story ends happily when they were sick. Physical pain is difficult to cure. Finally, Ming and Siti Wati died. To commemorate the Ming and Siti Wati, local people built a temple known as the Pagoda Ancol, as a symbol of the unity of the two cultures.
Moments lamnya ships sail. Sea in a state of calm, even wavelength was reluctant to move. However, suddenly a huge wave mengahantam hull. Panic struck all who are in it. They were busy throwing seawater into the rush.
Not to lose a sense of panic, a giant dragon appeared in front of the ship. The dragon put a halt to the ship as she sticks out her tongue. The presence of the dragon seems to lead to large waves, so that the ship was rocked by terrible. Realizing the great danger in front of him, Sampo Toalang managed to kill the dragon. Distress and the vessel was successfully passed through to the destination.
The rate of the ship remained with the same speed, to near Sunda Kelapa area. However, the sudden announcement Toalang Sampo.
"Brothers and sisters, as Sunda Kelapa affected by flooding, we will be docked in Ancol."
"Now you come down to the ground to buy drugs!"
Ming, the cook, was ordered to buy food and drinks. Sun immediately went to the market. he wanted to buy food and drinks. While shopping, he glanced a girl. "Who the pretty girl, I want to know his name," said Ming in the liver. Sun introduces herself.
"Hello, my name is Ming, can I meet you?"
"My name is Siti. Siti Wati. "
Since the first meeting, Ming immediately fell in love. Love blossomed at first sight. Presumably, Sun does not love unrequited. Siti Wati also liked it. Long story short, Ming to marry Siti Wati. The story ends happily when they were sick. Physical pain is difficult to cure. Finally, Ming and Siti Wati died. To commemorate the Ming and Siti Wati, local people built a temple known as the Pagoda Ancol, as a symbol of the unity of the two cultures.
TEMBANG CIANURAN (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Currently, Tembang Cianjuran often become an integral part of an art show at events welcoming guests to the Sundanese people, such as wedding or circumcision. Strains sound sekar (sinden) diiringan melodious harp and flute instrument makes the atmosphere more graceful, polite, solemn and full of hospitality. Sehigga the guests who came would have washed away the existing atmosphere. If it is said Tembang Cianjuran is music that has a color Sundanese music is so charming, elegant, soft and smooth. It is indeed very closely related to the embryo and development Tembang Cianjuran.
Art Tembang Cianjuran born from the copyright sense and intention Regent Cianjur IX, R. Aria Kusumaningrat Duke (1834-1861), or more commonly known as "Dalem Pancaniti". However, its perfection is the result of his creation, aided by the artist dalem Pancaniti districts namely: Rd. Natawiredja, AEM and Maing Buleng. Third person is then obtained permission to distribute Dalem Pancaniti Cianjuran songs.
In the reign of RAA Prawiradiredja II (1861-1910), art Tembang Cianjuran revised rules. With the added accompaniment of harp and flute sound, it gives birth Tembang Cianjuran known until today.
Cianjuran song was originally a music full of prestige of the nobles. Therefore, the presence of Tembang Cianjuran originally intended for officials or high-class society. And because it is also where her performance has always been on the marquee, marquee district. Usually for formal occasions welcoming guests regents or official ceremonies for national holidays.
However, in the growth and development along with the various changes that occur in society Tembang Cianjuran has become so familiar in the community. Cianjuran song that was only to be enjoyed by the nobility, developed into a music that is rooted in the populist tradition. Now, Tembang Cianjuran very easily met in the society wedding feasts cianjur (Sunda).
Cianjuran Tembang lovers are not as many other art forms, such as pop music. But enthusiasts and connoisseurs Tembang Cianjuran significant. Some artists Tembang Cianjuran develop an unlimited again on Kacapi Tembang Flute Flute Cianjuran but also Kacapi Pop Cianjuran.
Although the storm swallowed modernasi Tembang Cianjuran including type of art that are still getting a positive response from the global community, its presence was well received by all parties. Both local and international communities to participate this Sundanese cultural heritage preservation. The proof, until now still found many foreign students who study the arts seriously Tembang Cianjuran. Some of them are students from the United States, Norway, Europe, Japan and other Asian countries.
Learning the Art Sunda Tembang Cianjuran not too difficult, even though its not as easy to learn the art of Sundanese Angklung example. Level of difficulty learning Tembang Cianjuran depend on grade or level as they try to play the instruments. A beginner who has never had to play musical instruments harp, flute song Cianjuran will approximately take 3-6 months to play the type of music desired.
It does not fit if someone just learning how to play instruments and vocal Tembang Cianjuran only. Because this art has a wealth of stored culture. One is the content stored on the meaning behind the poem-poem. In each poem, his verse the recipient to find a vocal wisdom (wisdom vocals) in the form of natural harmony, balance, humility, compassion, etc. policies. Interested Tembang Cianjuran required to reveal the messages stored in the body of his verse. Cianjuran song has become distinctive in the middle of frenzied pop culture is increasingly globalized.
Tembang Cianjuran very thick with kesundaannya identity. It would be very unfortunate if the younger generation began to leave this art. In the midst of crisis, loss of identity of this nation, there is a question that deserves at pointed out: If a foreigner with a serious study Tembang Cianjuran Sunda, was there any reason for the younger generation to leave?.
Art Tembang Cianjuran born from the copyright sense and intention Regent Cianjur IX, R. Aria Kusumaningrat Duke (1834-1861), or more commonly known as "Dalem Pancaniti". However, its perfection is the result of his creation, aided by the artist dalem Pancaniti districts namely: Rd. Natawiredja, AEM and Maing Buleng. Third person is then obtained permission to distribute Dalem Pancaniti Cianjuran songs.
In the reign of RAA Prawiradiredja II (1861-1910), art Tembang Cianjuran revised rules. With the added accompaniment of harp and flute sound, it gives birth Tembang Cianjuran known until today.
Cianjuran song was originally a music full of prestige of the nobles. Therefore, the presence of Tembang Cianjuran originally intended for officials or high-class society. And because it is also where her performance has always been on the marquee, marquee district. Usually for formal occasions welcoming guests regents or official ceremonies for national holidays.
However, in the growth and development along with the various changes that occur in society Tembang Cianjuran has become so familiar in the community. Cianjuran song that was only to be enjoyed by the nobility, developed into a music that is rooted in the populist tradition. Now, Tembang Cianjuran very easily met in the society wedding feasts cianjur (Sunda).
Cianjuran Tembang lovers are not as many other art forms, such as pop music. But enthusiasts and connoisseurs Tembang Cianjuran significant. Some artists Tembang Cianjuran develop an unlimited again on Kacapi Tembang Flute Flute Cianjuran but also Kacapi Pop Cianjuran.
Although the storm swallowed modernasi Tembang Cianjuran including type of art that are still getting a positive response from the global community, its presence was well received by all parties. Both local and international communities to participate this Sundanese cultural heritage preservation. The proof, until now still found many foreign students who study the arts seriously Tembang Cianjuran. Some of them are students from the United States, Norway, Europe, Japan and other Asian countries.
Learning the Art Sunda Tembang Cianjuran not too difficult, even though its not as easy to learn the art of Sundanese Angklung example. Level of difficulty learning Tembang Cianjuran depend on grade or level as they try to play the instruments. A beginner who has never had to play musical instruments harp, flute song Cianjuran will approximately take 3-6 months to play the type of music desired.
It does not fit if someone just learning how to play instruments and vocal Tembang Cianjuran only. Because this art has a wealth of stored culture. One is the content stored on the meaning behind the poem-poem. In each poem, his verse the recipient to find a vocal wisdom (wisdom vocals) in the form of natural harmony, balance, humility, compassion, etc. policies. Interested Tembang Cianjuran required to reveal the messages stored in the body of his verse. Cianjuran song has become distinctive in the middle of frenzied pop culture is increasingly globalized.
Tembang Cianjuran very thick with kesundaannya identity. It would be very unfortunate if the younger generation began to leave this art. In the midst of crisis, loss of identity of this nation, there is a question that deserves at pointed out: If a foreigner with a serious study Tembang Cianjuran Sunda, was there any reason for the younger generation to leave?.
TANJIDOR (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Tanjidor orchestra has grown since the 19th century, flourished in rural areas. According to some information, the orchestra was coming from the orchestra that originally fostered the environment dalarn landlords, such as landlords Citeureup, near Cibinong.
In general, musical instruments in the orchestra Tanjidor consists of wind instruments such as the piston (cornet a piston), trombone, tenor, clarinet, bass, percussion instruments are equipped with a common membrane called the drum or drums. With enough equipment to accompany the parade or parading the bride.
For the performances, especially the place and not moving his instruments are often combined with tools such as tehyan friction, and some membranfon such as tambourines, drum and drums, coupled with some percussion instrument like kecrek, kempul and gongs.
The songs are usually sung tanjidor orchestra, according to the local term is "battalion", "Kramton" "Bananas", "Delsi", "Was No-no", "Inbound" and "Welmes". In later developments bring more Betawi folk songs like Surilang "Jali-jali etc., as well as songs by local term known as the Sunda mountain songs, like" Kangaji "," Oncomlele "and so forth.
Tanjidor groups residing in Jakarta area, among others, from the leadership Cijantung Nyaat, Kalisari Nawin leadership, leadership Pondokranggon Maun, Ceger Gejen leadership.
Regional spread of Tanjidor, except in the suburbs of Jakarta, is in the vicinity of Depok, Cibinong, Citeureup, Cileungsi, Jonggol, Parung in Bogor regency, in several places in the district of Bekasi and Tangerang.
As folk art, orchestra supporters Tanjidor especially farmers in rural areas. In general, artists can not Tanjidor rnengandalkan a living from the results obtained from the field of art. Most of their living from farming or petty trading.
By supporting community Tanjidor used to enliven a celebration such as weddings, circumcisions and the like, or public parties like to celebrate the birthday of the Declaration of Independence. Until the fifties crowds of ordinary Tanjidor performing tour, the term "Ngamen". This tour was primarily conducted at the time New Year's party, both AD and Lunar.
It should be noted, that in accordance with the development of time and tastes of society supporters, with the usual Tanjidor also dangdut songs. There is also a special rendition of the Sundanese Pop-song known as "Winingan tanji".
In general, musical instruments in the orchestra Tanjidor consists of wind instruments such as the piston (cornet a piston), trombone, tenor, clarinet, bass, percussion instruments are equipped with a common membrane called the drum or drums. With enough equipment to accompany the parade or parading the bride.
For the performances, especially the place and not moving his instruments are often combined with tools such as tehyan friction, and some membranfon such as tambourines, drum and drums, coupled with some percussion instrument like kecrek, kempul and gongs.
The songs are usually sung tanjidor orchestra, according to the local term is "battalion", "Kramton" "Bananas", "Delsi", "Was No-no", "Inbound" and "Welmes". In later developments bring more Betawi folk songs like Surilang "Jali-jali etc., as well as songs by local term known as the Sunda mountain songs, like" Kangaji "," Oncomlele "and so forth.
Tanjidor groups residing in Jakarta area, among others, from the leadership Cijantung Nyaat, Kalisari Nawin leadership, leadership Pondokranggon Maun, Ceger Gejen leadership.
Regional spread of Tanjidor, except in the suburbs of Jakarta, is in the vicinity of Depok, Cibinong, Citeureup, Cileungsi, Jonggol, Parung in Bogor regency, in several places in the district of Bekasi and Tangerang.
As folk art, orchestra supporters Tanjidor especially farmers in rural areas. In general, artists can not Tanjidor rnengandalkan a living from the results obtained from the field of art. Most of their living from farming or petty trading.
By supporting community Tanjidor used to enliven a celebration such as weddings, circumcisions and the like, or public parties like to celebrate the birthday of the Declaration of Independence. Until the fifties crowds of ordinary Tanjidor performing tour, the term "Ngamen". This tour was primarily conducted at the time New Year's party, both AD and Lunar.
It should be noted, that in accordance with the development of time and tastes of society supporters, with the usual Tanjidor also dangdut songs. There is also a special rendition of the Sundanese Pop-song known as "Winingan tanji".
SUNDANES CULTURE (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Culture comes from the Sanskrit word that is buddhayah, which is the plural form of buddhi (mind or intellect), defined as matters relating to the mind and human reason. In English, the culture is called culture, which comes from the Latin word Colere, namely processing or working. Can be interpreted also as cultivate the land or farming. The word culture is also sometimes translated as "culture" in Indonesian.
In each country or region must have a culture that became typical cirri place itself. Like Indonesia, an archipelagic nation which has so many cultures in every region. So do not be surprised if Indonesia is rich with culture. This time I will mambahas one of Indonesia's culture comes from the earth the western part of Indonesia, precisely dipilau western part of Java, namely West Java.
West Javanese culture or commonly called Sundanese culture. Sundanese culture with other cultures, which consist of music, dance and other arts. For music, musical instruments typical cirri of West Java is the Angklung, Calung, drum and others. Angklung is a musical instrument of the famous West Java. Musical instrument memepunyai this beautiful tone was claimed by other States as their musical instruments. However, all that's not true, because Anglkung is a native Indonesian musical instrument from West Java. Although now rarely young people who play the Angklung. But some schools in some areas in West Java as one makes Angklung Extrakulikuler in their school. Even Angklung already has a proud achievement in the international world and known by the world as musical instruments native to Indonesia. In one place, precisely in Bandung, West Java, there is a place that is making Angklung Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Place that not only makes the Angklung, but there is a show for tourists who come there. In addition, there also provide the place of purchase by-the typical cirri of West Java. And the place that we can also learn how to play the Angklung. Many tourists who come there, not only domestic tourists alone. Foreign tourists who come there was a lot to learn and see the show Angklung.
Besides music, there is also dancing. One is the dance Jaipong. Jaipong dance is one of the typical dance of West Java. The dance is accompanied by fast music is also very famous among the people as the traditional dance of West Java. In addition to fast music accompanied one of the attractions dadi Jaipong dance is an interesting costume. Jaipong own costumes for the Kebaya with a few bright colors, fabrics and scarves. Usually Jaipong dance events staged in a place or even race. For example diacara arts school or weddings. At the wedding dance jaipong usually dipentasakan as entertainment for the guests who came. In pickles marriage, usually dance jaipong lasted 1 night dive full. Usually jaipong dance accompanied by drums and also there sinden who will accompany. The song is unusual in Paki to accompany the dance is leaf pulus jaipong and jugala.
Actually a lot of art from West Java like sisingaan derived from Sukabumi. Usually there apabiala Sisingan used circumcision ceremony. Children in circumcision will rise above sisingaan, then paraded around the village. Puppet show is also one of the arts of West Java. Puppet show is a puppet made of wood and usually wang doll used as a medium for storytelling. Stories that appear usually folklore. And usually Wayang puppet also presented at these events as entertainment wedding guests. And usually also Wayang puppet show for 1 full night. Arts of West Java is actually very benyak. these are just some of the arts. Actually, our country is rich in culture that became our pride. So love your art your own country.
In each country or region must have a culture that became typical cirri place itself. Like Indonesia, an archipelagic nation which has so many cultures in every region. So do not be surprised if Indonesia is rich with culture. This time I will mambahas one of Indonesia's culture comes from the earth the western part of Indonesia, precisely dipilau western part of Java, namely West Java.
West Javanese culture or commonly called Sundanese culture. Sundanese culture with other cultures, which consist of music, dance and other arts. For music, musical instruments typical cirri of West Java is the Angklung, Calung, drum and others. Angklung is a musical instrument of the famous West Java. Musical instrument memepunyai this beautiful tone was claimed by other States as their musical instruments. However, all that's not true, because Anglkung is a native Indonesian musical instrument from West Java. Although now rarely young people who play the Angklung. But some schools in some areas in West Java as one makes Angklung Extrakulikuler in their school. Even Angklung already has a proud achievement in the international world and known by the world as musical instruments native to Indonesia. In one place, precisely in Bandung, West Java, there is a place that is making Angklung Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Place that not only makes the Angklung, but there is a show for tourists who come there. In addition, there also provide the place of purchase by-the typical cirri of West Java. And the place that we can also learn how to play the Angklung. Many tourists who come there, not only domestic tourists alone. Foreign tourists who come there was a lot to learn and see the show Angklung.
Besides music, there is also dancing. One is the dance Jaipong. Jaipong dance is one of the typical dance of West Java. The dance is accompanied by fast music is also very famous among the people as the traditional dance of West Java. In addition to fast music accompanied one of the attractions dadi Jaipong dance is an interesting costume. Jaipong own costumes for the Kebaya with a few bright colors, fabrics and scarves. Usually Jaipong dance events staged in a place or even race. For example diacara arts school or weddings. At the wedding dance jaipong usually dipentasakan as entertainment for the guests who came. In pickles marriage, usually dance jaipong lasted 1 night dive full. Usually jaipong dance accompanied by drums and also there sinden who will accompany. The song is unusual in Paki to accompany the dance is leaf pulus jaipong and jugala.
Actually a lot of art from West Java like sisingaan derived from Sukabumi. Usually there apabiala Sisingan used circumcision ceremony. Children in circumcision will rise above sisingaan, then paraded around the village. Puppet show is also one of the arts of West Java. Puppet show is a puppet made of wood and usually wang doll used as a medium for storytelling. Stories that appear usually folklore. And usually Wayang puppet also presented at these events as entertainment wedding guests. And usually also Wayang puppet show for 1 full night. Arts of West Java is actually very benyak. these are just some of the arts. Actually, our country is rich in culture that became our pride. So love your art your own country.
PITUNG (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Pitung is the figure of Rawa Belong exemplary youth. Praying five times he never left. Al-Qur’an lessons at a local cleric, Haji Naipin, unfailing run. Batavia Youth formerly devout in religion and usually smart bersilat. Does not feel the time goes, the Pitung transformed into a complete figure in the science of religion and martial arts, namely martial art. He was the picture of youth Batavia at that time.
At the same time, being aggressive Dutch dredge-jealous natural wealth the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia name before independence), based in Batavia. Power extorted people in the cruelty of forced labor. Countless casualties. Some were living in misery and hunger. Witness the fact that, compassion arises in the liver Si Pitung. Alignments on its own people who change the destiny of Si Pitung.
Together Rais and Jii, the Pitung rob boss's house and rich landlords. Results rampokannya then distributed to the poor. Apparently, the activity has been troubling Kumpeni siPitung.
Kumpeni perform a variety of ways to capture the Pitung. At first, won the people-person for member information with the lure of big prizes. If usahnya gagl, did not hesitate to kumpeni force with force.
Finally, kumpeni managed to get information about the family of the Pitung. The surplus, is a weakness as well. Family as a source of motivation Pitung became the weak point. Kumpeni immediately menyandra both parents and Haji Naipin. With a heavy torment, finally revealing the existence of the secret Pitung and immune.
Martial arts abilities and his body is immune to bullets, make every action of plundering. There have been many home boss and landlords who dirampoknya, but he did not also been arrested. Moreover, people do not tell the existence of the Pitung. He contributed much to the people.
One day, the Pitung and her friends managed to founded. The Pitung trying to take the fight. However, that day was an unlucky day for him. Immune secret that kept her alive all this time been known to party kumpeni. The Pitung, the hero of the little people pelted rotten eggs and fired many times. Finally, he also met his end and God has chosen his destiny.
At the same time, being aggressive Dutch dredge-jealous natural wealth the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia name before independence), based in Batavia. Power extorted people in the cruelty of forced labor. Countless casualties. Some were living in misery and hunger. Witness the fact that, compassion arises in the liver Si Pitung. Alignments on its own people who change the destiny of Si Pitung.
Together Rais and Jii, the Pitung rob boss's house and rich landlords. Results rampokannya then distributed to the poor. Apparently, the activity has been troubling Kumpeni siPitung.
Kumpeni perform a variety of ways to capture the Pitung. At first, won the people-person for member information with the lure of big prizes. If usahnya gagl, did not hesitate to kumpeni force with force.
Finally, kumpeni managed to get information about the family of the Pitung. The surplus, is a weakness as well. Family as a source of motivation Pitung became the weak point. Kumpeni immediately menyandra both parents and Haji Naipin. With a heavy torment, finally revealing the existence of the secret Pitung and immune.
Martial arts abilities and his body is immune to bullets, make every action of plundering. There have been many home boss and landlords who dirampoknya, but he did not also been arrested. Moreover, people do not tell the existence of the Pitung. He contributed much to the people.
One day, the Pitung and her friends managed to founded. The Pitung trying to take the fight. However, that day was an unlucky day for him. Immune secret that kept her alive all this time been known to party kumpeni. The Pitung, the hero of the little people pelted rotten eggs and fired many times. Finally, he also met his end and God has chosen his destiny.
Jumat, 04 Maret 2011
TEORI ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
contoh:
active : she read the book
passive : the book read by her
active : he wash car every week
passive : car wash by him every week
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Rumus passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
contoh:
active : she read the book
passive : the book read by her
active : he wash car every week
passive : car wash by him every week
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Rumus passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Kamis, 24 Februari 2011
ARTIKEL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Tiger, king of the muffled chaos of the world
We are often amazed by the symbols of Chinese mythology as anywhere in the world, the king of all animals are lions, not tigers. That said, according to Chinese legend in the days of yore, including one lion zodiac of 12 binatangdalam Chinese people's confidence. There are no tigers.
Because the lion was too cruel, the President wanted to get rid of the lion god of the zodiac structure. But Major Gods can not just do it because the lion is the king of all rajabinatang. If the lion would be removed, need new animals to control animals that exist. He remembered the same tiger.
Tiger itself is a creature that is not important in the human world, continued the legend that exists. However, when the tiger learn skills from a cat fight, the tiger became valiant knight. All the animals who challenged him would die or very seriously injured. Tigers always win in a fight that became known for his expertise.
Because the tiger became very well known, gods of the President called him to heaven.Once there, the tiger had managed to beat all the knights of god. After winning all the battles, the tiger had become one of the important knights Main Deity.
Script king
However, after the tiger to be one important knights of god, the beasts in the world started attacking humans because of the lack of supervision. Various events have attracted the attention of the god, and then ordered down to earth to protect mankind.
Tiger then asked the requirements for each fight is won, he wanted to get an award. His request was granted by the Gods Main. After arriving at the earth, tigers learn that lions, bears, and horses are the most powerful animal. Macanmenantang all and win.
When the various evil creatures hear a tiger victory, all hiding in the woods that are not inhabited and was never seen again. All human beings kepadamacan grateful for defeating evil creatures.
Tigers went back to heaven. Because the Tigers have won three times, the god of placing three major lines on the forehead of the tiger. Through some time, the world is again disrupted by a tortoise that has the magical power of evil. Earth inundated by flood water turtle.
Tiger returns sent to the earth and kill the evil turtle. Major Gods and then give awards to add a horizontal line in the middle three lines awarded in the tiger's forehead. The addition of these lines form the Chinese character "wang" which berartiraja. Kanji script "wang" is still visible on the forehead tiger.
When the President heard the brutality of the lion god of the world, decided the status of zodiac lion and tiger stripped chosen to replace the lion in the strata of Chinese zodiac beliefs. In addition to having the status of zodiac, the tiger was crowned as king of all beasts. Tigers in the legend as a silencer Chinadisimbolkan chaos on earth. (RLP)
We are often amazed by the symbols of Chinese mythology as anywhere in the world, the king of all animals are lions, not tigers. That said, according to Chinese legend in the days of yore, including one lion zodiac of 12 binatangdalam Chinese people's confidence. There are no tigers.
Because the lion was too cruel, the President wanted to get rid of the lion god of the zodiac structure. But Major Gods can not just do it because the lion is the king of all rajabinatang. If the lion would be removed, need new animals to control animals that exist. He remembered the same tiger.
Tiger itself is a creature that is not important in the human world, continued the legend that exists. However, when the tiger learn skills from a cat fight, the tiger became valiant knight. All the animals who challenged him would die or very seriously injured. Tigers always win in a fight that became known for his expertise.
Because the tiger became very well known, gods of the President called him to heaven.Once there, the tiger had managed to beat all the knights of god. After winning all the battles, the tiger had become one of the important knights Main Deity.
Script king
However, after the tiger to be one important knights of god, the beasts in the world started attacking humans because of the lack of supervision. Various events have attracted the attention of the god, and then ordered down to earth to protect mankind.
Tiger then asked the requirements for each fight is won, he wanted to get an award. His request was granted by the Gods Main. After arriving at the earth, tigers learn that lions, bears, and horses are the most powerful animal. Macanmenantang all and win.
When the various evil creatures hear a tiger victory, all hiding in the woods that are not inhabited and was never seen again. All human beings kepadamacan grateful for defeating evil creatures.
Tigers went back to heaven. Because the Tigers have won three times, the god of placing three major lines on the forehead of the tiger. Through some time, the world is again disrupted by a tortoise that has the magical power of evil. Earth inundated by flood water turtle.
Tiger returns sent to the earth and kill the evil turtle. Major Gods and then give awards to add a horizontal line in the middle three lines awarded in the tiger's forehead. The addition of these lines form the Chinese character "wang" which berartiraja. Kanji script "wang" is still visible on the forehead tiger.
When the President heard the brutality of the lion god of the world, decided the status of zodiac lion and tiger stripped chosen to replace the lion in the strata of Chinese zodiac beliefs. In addition to having the status of zodiac, the tiger was crowned as king of all beasts. Tigers in the legend as a silencer Chinadisimbolkan chaos on earth. (RLP)
Senin, 21 Februari 2011
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Selasa, 04 Januari 2011
HARAPAN MANUSIA
Harapan ialah keinginan yang ingin dicapai oleh hati kita dan harapan adalah sesuatu yang membuat kita biasanya bertahan didalam rintangan
Harapan yang ada di pikaran kita adalah gambaran masa depan, berharaplah dengan penuh keyakinan, maka harapan kita akan datang kepada kita dengan penuh keyakinan pula.
Setiap orang memiliki rancangan hidup mereka masing-masing yang dipaparkan melalui segala cita-cita dan harapan mereka yang merupakan proyek terbesar di dalam kehidupan mereka masing-masing.
Harapan jugalah yang akan membawa kita ke masa depan meraih impian yang selam ini kita mimipikan. Untuk dapat meraih impian itun kita harus barusaha sekuat mungkin gar harapan yang kita impikan dapat terjadi kepada kita suatu saat nanti atau bahkan saat ini juga.
Harapan jugalah yang akan menghiasi kehidupaan manusia. Karena tanpa harapan, kehidupan yang kita jalani tidak ada artinya dan tanpa harapan pula kehidupan yang kita jalani tidak ada sesuatu yang bisa kita dapatkan.
Semua orang pasti mempunyai harapan dalam hidupnya. Contohnya harapan orang tua kepada anaknya agar menjadi orang yang berhasil dan hebat di masa yang akan datang. Ada juga harapan kita agar kita bisa berhasil dan menjadi orang yang sukses di masa mendatanng.
Setiap orang mempunyai harapannya masing-masing. Dan selanjutnya bagaimana kita agar bisa meraih harapan tersebut. Yaitu dengan bekerja keras, usaha dan yakin. Karena segala sesuatunya apabila di lakukan dengan sekuat tenaga hasilnya pun pasti akan maksimal.
Harapan yang ada di pikaran kita adalah gambaran masa depan, berharaplah dengan penuh keyakinan, maka harapan kita akan datang kepada kita dengan penuh keyakinan pula.
Setiap orang memiliki rancangan hidup mereka masing-masing yang dipaparkan melalui segala cita-cita dan harapan mereka yang merupakan proyek terbesar di dalam kehidupan mereka masing-masing.
Harapan jugalah yang akan membawa kita ke masa depan meraih impian yang selam ini kita mimipikan. Untuk dapat meraih impian itun kita harus barusaha sekuat mungkin gar harapan yang kita impikan dapat terjadi kepada kita suatu saat nanti atau bahkan saat ini juga.
Harapan jugalah yang akan menghiasi kehidupaan manusia. Karena tanpa harapan, kehidupan yang kita jalani tidak ada artinya dan tanpa harapan pula kehidupan yang kita jalani tidak ada sesuatu yang bisa kita dapatkan.
Semua orang pasti mempunyai harapan dalam hidupnya. Contohnya harapan orang tua kepada anaknya agar menjadi orang yang berhasil dan hebat di masa yang akan datang. Ada juga harapan kita agar kita bisa berhasil dan menjadi orang yang sukses di masa mendatanng.
Setiap orang mempunyai harapannya masing-masing. Dan selanjutnya bagaimana kita agar bisa meraih harapan tersebut. Yaitu dengan bekerja keras, usaha dan yakin. Karena segala sesuatunya apabila di lakukan dengan sekuat tenaga hasilnya pun pasti akan maksimal.
KEBUDAYAAN BALI
Bali adalah nama salah satu provinsi di Indonesia dan juga merupakan nama pulau terbesar yang menjadi bagian dari provinsi tersebut. Selain terdiri dari Pulau Bali, wilayah Provinsi Bali juga terdiri dari pulau-pulau yang lebih kecil di sekitarnya, yaitu Pulau Nusa Penida, Pulau Nusa Lembongan, Pulau Nusa Ceningan dan Pulau Serangan.
Bali terletak di antara Pulau Jawa dan Pulau Lombok. Ibukota provinsinya ialah Denpasar yang terletak di bagian selatan pulau ini. Mayoritas penduduk Bali adalah pemeluk agama Hindu. Di dunia, Bali terkenal sebagai tujuan pariwisata dengan keunikan berbagai hasil seni-budayanya, khususnya bagi para wisatawan Jepang dan Australia. Bali juga dikenal dengan sebutan Pulau Dewata dan Pulau Seribu Pura.
Bali juga mempunyai kesenian yang sangat terkenal diseluruh dunia antara lain adalah Musik tradisional Bali memiliki kesamaan dengan musik tradisional di banyak daerah lainnya di Indonesia, misalnya dalam penggunaan gamelan dan berbagai alat musik tabuh lainnya. Meskipun demikian, terdapat kekhasan dalam teknik memainkan dan gubahannya, misalnya dalam bentuk kecak, yaitu sebentuk nyanyian yang konon menirukan suara kera. Demikian pula beragam gamelan yang dimainkan pun memiliki keunikan, misalnya Gamelan Jegog, Gamelan Gong Gede, Gamelan Gambang, Gamelan Selunding dan Gamelan Semar Pegulingan. Ada pula musik Angklung dimainkan untuk upacara ngaben serta musik Bebonangan dimainkan dalam berbagai upacara lainnya.
Terdapat bentuk modern dari musik tradisional Bali, misalnya Gamelan Gong Kebyar yang merupakan musik tarian yang dikembangkan pada masa penjajahan Belanda serta Joged Bumbung yang mulai populer di Bali sejak era tahun 1950-an. Umumnya musik Bali merupakan kombinasi dari berbagai alat musik perkusi metal (metalofon), gong dan perkusi kayu (xilofon). Karena hubungan sosial, politik dan budaya, musik tradisional Bali atau permainan gamelan gaya Bali memberikan pengaruh atau saling mempengaruhi daerah budaya di sekitarnya, misalnya pada musik tradisional masyarakat Banyuwangi serta musik tradisional masyarakat Lombok.
Seni tari Bali pada umumnya dapat dikatagorikan menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu wali atau seni tari pertunjukan sakral, bebali atau seni tari pertunjukan untuk upacara dan juga untuk pengunjung dan balih-balihan atau seni tari untuk hiburan pengunjung.
Pakar seni tari Bali I Made Bandem pada awal tahun 1980-an pernah menggolongkan tari-tarian Bali tersebut; antara lain yang tergolong ke dalam wali misalnya Berutuk, Sang Hyang Dedari, Rejang dan Baris Gede, bebali antara lain ialah Gambuh, Topeng Pajegan dan Wayang Wong, sedangkan balih-balihan antara lain ialah Legong, Parwa, Arja, Prembon dan Joged serta berbagai koreografi tari modern lainnya.
Salah satu tarian yang sangat populer bagi para wisatawan ialah Tari Kecak. Sekitar tahun 1930-an, Wayan Limbak bekerja sama dengan pelukis Jerman Walter Spies menciptakan tari ini berdasarkan tradisi Sanghyang dan bagian-bagian kisah Ramayana. Wayan Limbak mempopulerkan tari ini saat berkeliling dunia bersama rombongan penari Bali-nya.
Bali terletak di antara Pulau Jawa dan Pulau Lombok. Ibukota provinsinya ialah Denpasar yang terletak di bagian selatan pulau ini. Mayoritas penduduk Bali adalah pemeluk agama Hindu. Di dunia, Bali terkenal sebagai tujuan pariwisata dengan keunikan berbagai hasil seni-budayanya, khususnya bagi para wisatawan Jepang dan Australia. Bali juga dikenal dengan sebutan Pulau Dewata dan Pulau Seribu Pura.
Bali juga mempunyai kesenian yang sangat terkenal diseluruh dunia antara lain adalah Musik tradisional Bali memiliki kesamaan dengan musik tradisional di banyak daerah lainnya di Indonesia, misalnya dalam penggunaan gamelan dan berbagai alat musik tabuh lainnya. Meskipun demikian, terdapat kekhasan dalam teknik memainkan dan gubahannya, misalnya dalam bentuk kecak, yaitu sebentuk nyanyian yang konon menirukan suara kera. Demikian pula beragam gamelan yang dimainkan pun memiliki keunikan, misalnya Gamelan Jegog, Gamelan Gong Gede, Gamelan Gambang, Gamelan Selunding dan Gamelan Semar Pegulingan. Ada pula musik Angklung dimainkan untuk upacara ngaben serta musik Bebonangan dimainkan dalam berbagai upacara lainnya.
Terdapat bentuk modern dari musik tradisional Bali, misalnya Gamelan Gong Kebyar yang merupakan musik tarian yang dikembangkan pada masa penjajahan Belanda serta Joged Bumbung yang mulai populer di Bali sejak era tahun 1950-an. Umumnya musik Bali merupakan kombinasi dari berbagai alat musik perkusi metal (metalofon), gong dan perkusi kayu (xilofon). Karena hubungan sosial, politik dan budaya, musik tradisional Bali atau permainan gamelan gaya Bali memberikan pengaruh atau saling mempengaruhi daerah budaya di sekitarnya, misalnya pada musik tradisional masyarakat Banyuwangi serta musik tradisional masyarakat Lombok.
Seni tari Bali pada umumnya dapat dikatagorikan menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu wali atau seni tari pertunjukan sakral, bebali atau seni tari pertunjukan untuk upacara dan juga untuk pengunjung dan balih-balihan atau seni tari untuk hiburan pengunjung.
Pakar seni tari Bali I Made Bandem pada awal tahun 1980-an pernah menggolongkan tari-tarian Bali tersebut; antara lain yang tergolong ke dalam wali misalnya Berutuk, Sang Hyang Dedari, Rejang dan Baris Gede, bebali antara lain ialah Gambuh, Topeng Pajegan dan Wayang Wong, sedangkan balih-balihan antara lain ialah Legong, Parwa, Arja, Prembon dan Joged serta berbagai koreografi tari modern lainnya.
Salah satu tarian yang sangat populer bagi para wisatawan ialah Tari Kecak. Sekitar tahun 1930-an, Wayan Limbak bekerja sama dengan pelukis Jerman Walter Spies menciptakan tari ini berdasarkan tradisi Sanghyang dan bagian-bagian kisah Ramayana. Wayan Limbak mempopulerkan tari ini saat berkeliling dunia bersama rombongan penari Bali-nya.
BENCANA ALAM
Bencana alam adalah konsekuensi dari kombinasi aktivitas alami (suatu peristiwa fisik, seperti letusan gunung, gempa bumi, tanah longsor) dan aktivitas manusia. Karena ketidakberdayaan manusia, akibat kurang baiknya manajemen keadaan darurat, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian dalam bidang keuangan dan struktural, bahkan sampai kematian. Kerugian yang dihasilkan tergantung pada kemampuan untuk mencegah atau menghindari bencana dan daya tahan mereka. Pemahaman ini berhubungan dengan pernyataan: "bencana muncul bila ancaman bahaya bertemu dengan ketidakberdayaan". Dengan demikian, aktivitas alam yang berbahaya tidak akan menjadi bencana alam di daerah tanpa ketidakberdayaan manusia, misalnya gempa bumi di wilayah tak berpenghuni. Konsekuensinya, pemakaian istilah "alam" juga ditentang karena peristiwa tersebut bukan hanya bahaya atau malapetaka tanpa keterlibatan manusia. Besarnya potensi kerugian juga tergantung pada bentuk bahayanya sendiri, mulai dari kebakaran, yang mengancam bangunan individual, sampai peristiwa tubrukan meteor besar yang berpotensi mengakhiri peradaban umat manusia.
Namun demikian pada daerah yang memiliki tingkat bahaya tinggi (hazard) serta memiliki kerentanan/kerawanan (vulnerability) yang juga tinggi tidak akan memberi dampak yang hebat/luas jika manusia yang berada disana memiliki ketahanan terhadap bencana (disaster resilience). Konsep ketahanan bencana merupakan valuasi kemampuan sistem dan infrastruktur-infrastruktur untuk mendeteksi, mencegah & menangani tantangan-tantangan serius yang hadir. Dengan demikian meskipun daerah tersebut rawan bencana dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar jika diimbangi dengan ketetahanan terhadap bencana yang cukup.
Jenis-jenis bencana alam antara lain adalah longsor salju, gempa bumi, gunung meletus, kebakaran liar, banjir, tsunami, badai salju, kemarau, kelaparan dan masih banyak lagi. Tetapi yang sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah banjir, gempa bumi, gunung meletus bahkan bencana yang lebih dasyat lagi adalah tsunami yang terjadi di daerah nangro aceh Darussalam (NAD) pada akhir tahun 2004, tepatnya pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004. Kejadian bencana alam tersebut membuat Indonesia menjadi perhatian dunia. Dan karena bencana tersebut pula banyak masyarakat yang kehilangan anggota keluarganya. Entah meninggal karena bencana tersebut atau pun hilang, yang hingga saat ini belum di temukan.
Bencana alam juga menimbulkan penderitaan pada masyarakat yang mengalaminya. Dampak dari bencana alam antara lain ada yang kehilangan tempat tinggalnya, ada juga yang kehilangan anggota keluarganya, kelaparan, datangnya bebagai penyakit dan masih banyak lagi. Dalam hal ini yang dapat di lakukan masyarakat hanya menunggu bantuan dari pemerintah. Dari semua kejadian ini pasti ada hikmahnya. Tinggal bagaimana kita manusia memahaminya dan menerimanya dengan lapang dada. Allah SWT akan menguji hambanya dengan batas kemampuan hambanya. Dan percayalah bahwa Allah SWT akan selalu menolong hambanya yang dalam kesulitan.
Namun demikian pada daerah yang memiliki tingkat bahaya tinggi (hazard) serta memiliki kerentanan/kerawanan (vulnerability) yang juga tinggi tidak akan memberi dampak yang hebat/luas jika manusia yang berada disana memiliki ketahanan terhadap bencana (disaster resilience). Konsep ketahanan bencana merupakan valuasi kemampuan sistem dan infrastruktur-infrastruktur untuk mendeteksi, mencegah & menangani tantangan-tantangan serius yang hadir. Dengan demikian meskipun daerah tersebut rawan bencana dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar jika diimbangi dengan ketetahanan terhadap bencana yang cukup.
Jenis-jenis bencana alam antara lain adalah longsor salju, gempa bumi, gunung meletus, kebakaran liar, banjir, tsunami, badai salju, kemarau, kelaparan dan masih banyak lagi. Tetapi yang sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah banjir, gempa bumi, gunung meletus bahkan bencana yang lebih dasyat lagi adalah tsunami yang terjadi di daerah nangro aceh Darussalam (NAD) pada akhir tahun 2004, tepatnya pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004. Kejadian bencana alam tersebut membuat Indonesia menjadi perhatian dunia. Dan karena bencana tersebut pula banyak masyarakat yang kehilangan anggota keluarganya. Entah meninggal karena bencana tersebut atau pun hilang, yang hingga saat ini belum di temukan.
Bencana alam juga menimbulkan penderitaan pada masyarakat yang mengalaminya. Dampak dari bencana alam antara lain ada yang kehilangan tempat tinggalnya, ada juga yang kehilangan anggota keluarganya, kelaparan, datangnya bebagai penyakit dan masih banyak lagi. Dalam hal ini yang dapat di lakukan masyarakat hanya menunggu bantuan dari pemerintah. Dari semua kejadian ini pasti ada hikmahnya. Tinggal bagaimana kita manusia memahaminya dan menerimanya dengan lapang dada. Allah SWT akan menguji hambanya dengan batas kemampuan hambanya. Dan percayalah bahwa Allah SWT akan selalu menolong hambanya yang dalam kesulitan.
Senin, 03 Januari 2011
BUDAYA SUNDA
Budaya berasal dari kata bahasa Sanskerta yaitu buddhayah, yang merupakan bentuk jamak dari buddhi (budi atau akal) diartikan sebagai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan budi dan akal manusia. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kebudayaan disebut culture, yang berasal dari kata Latin Colere, yaitu mengolah atau mengerjakan. Bisa diartikan juga sebagai mengolah tanah atau bertani. Kata culture juga kadang diterjemahkan sebagai "kultur" dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Disetiap Negara atau Daerah pasti mempunyai budaya yang menjadi cirri khas tempat itu sendiri. Seperti Indonesia, Negara kepulauan yang memiliki banyak sekali budaya disetiap daerahnya. Maka tidak heran apabila Indonesia kaya akan dengan budaya. Kali ini saya akan mambahas salah satu budaya Indonesia yang berasal dari bumi bagian barat Indonesia, tepatnya dipilau jawa bagian barat, yaitu Jawa Barat.
Budaya Jawa Barat atau yang biasa disebut dengan budaya sunda. Budaya sunda sama dengan budaya lainnya, yaitu terdiri dari musik, tarian dan kesenian lainnya. Untuk musik , alat musik cirri khas dari Jawa Barat adalah Angklung, Calung, Gendang dan lainnya. Angklung adalah salah satu alat musik Jawa Barat yang terkenal. Alat musik yang memepunyai nada indah ini sempat diklaim oleh Negara lain sebagai alat musik mereka. Namun, semua itu tidak benar, karena Anglkung adalah alat musik asli Indonesia yang berasal dari Jawa Barat. Walaupun sekarang jarang sekali anak muda yang memainkan Angklung. Tapi beberapa sekolah di beberapa daerah di Jawa Barat menjadikan Angklung sebagai salah satu Extrakulikuler di sekolah mereka. Bahkan Angklung sudah mempunyai prestasi yang membanggakan di dunia internasional dan dikenal oleh dunia sebagai alat musik asli Indonesia. Disalah satu tempat, tepatnya di Bandung, Jawa Barat ada suatu tempat pembuatan Angklung yaitu Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Ditempat itu tidak hanya membuat Angklung, tetapi ada sebuah pertunjukan untuk wisatawan yang datang kesana. Selain itu, disana juga menyediakan tempat pembelian oleh-oleh cirri khas Jawa Barat. Dan ditempat itu juga kita bias belajar cara memainkan Angklung. Banyak wisatawan yang datang kesana, tidak hanya wisatawan domestik saja. Wisatawan asing pun banyak yang datang kesana untuk belajar dan menyaksikan pertunjukan Angklung.
Selain musik, ada juga tarian. Salah satunya adalah tarian Jaipong. Tarian Jaipong merupakan salah satu tarian khas dari Jawa Barat. Tarian yang diiringi oleh musik cepat ini juga sangat terkenal dikalangan masyarakat sebagai tarian tradisional daerah Jawa Barat. Selain diiringi musik cepat salah satu daya tarik dadi tarian Jaipong adalah kostumnya yang menarik. Kostum untuk Jaipong sendiri adalah Kebaya dengan warna yang sedikit terang, kain dan selendang. Biasanya tarian Jaipong dipentaskan di acara-acara disebuah tempat atau bahkan lomba. Contohnya diacara pentas seni sekolah atau acara-acara pernikahan. Di acara pernikahan tarian jaipong biasanya dipentasakan sebagai hiburan untuk para tamu yang datang. Di acar pernikahan, biasanya tarian jaipong berlangsung selam 1 malam penuh. Biasanya tarian jaipong diiringi dengan gendang dan juga ada sinden yang akan mengiringi. Lagu yang biasa di paki untuk mengiringi tarian jaipong yaitu daun pulus dan jugala.
Sebenarnya banyak sekali kesenian dari Jawa Barat seperti Sisingaan yang berasal dari Sukabumi. Biasanya Sisingan dipakai apabiala ada acara sunatan. Anak yang di sunat akan naik di atas Sisingaan, lalu diarak keliling kampung. Wayang golek juga merupakan salah satu kesenian dari daerah Jawa Barat. Wayang golek adalah boneka yang terbuat dari kayu dan biasanya wang golek digunakan sebagai media untuk bercerita. Cerita yang ditampilkan biasanya cerita rakyat. Dan biasanya Wayang golek juga dihadirkan di acara-acara pernikahan sebagai hiburan para tamu. Dan biasanya pula Wayang golek ditampilkan selama 1 malam penuh. Kesenian Jawa Barat sebenarnya sangat benyak . ini hanya sebagian dari kesenian tersebut. Sebenarnya Negara kita ini kaya akan kebudayaan yang menjadi kebanggaan kita. Maka cintailah kesenian Negara-mu sendiri.
Disetiap Negara atau Daerah pasti mempunyai budaya yang menjadi cirri khas tempat itu sendiri. Seperti Indonesia, Negara kepulauan yang memiliki banyak sekali budaya disetiap daerahnya. Maka tidak heran apabila Indonesia kaya akan dengan budaya. Kali ini saya akan mambahas salah satu budaya Indonesia yang berasal dari bumi bagian barat Indonesia, tepatnya dipilau jawa bagian barat, yaitu Jawa Barat.
Budaya Jawa Barat atau yang biasa disebut dengan budaya sunda. Budaya sunda sama dengan budaya lainnya, yaitu terdiri dari musik, tarian dan kesenian lainnya. Untuk musik , alat musik cirri khas dari Jawa Barat adalah Angklung, Calung, Gendang dan lainnya. Angklung adalah salah satu alat musik Jawa Barat yang terkenal. Alat musik yang memepunyai nada indah ini sempat diklaim oleh Negara lain sebagai alat musik mereka. Namun, semua itu tidak benar, karena Anglkung adalah alat musik asli Indonesia yang berasal dari Jawa Barat. Walaupun sekarang jarang sekali anak muda yang memainkan Angklung. Tapi beberapa sekolah di beberapa daerah di Jawa Barat menjadikan Angklung sebagai salah satu Extrakulikuler di sekolah mereka. Bahkan Angklung sudah mempunyai prestasi yang membanggakan di dunia internasional dan dikenal oleh dunia sebagai alat musik asli Indonesia. Disalah satu tempat, tepatnya di Bandung, Jawa Barat ada suatu tempat pembuatan Angklung yaitu Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Ditempat itu tidak hanya membuat Angklung, tetapi ada sebuah pertunjukan untuk wisatawan yang datang kesana. Selain itu, disana juga menyediakan tempat pembelian oleh-oleh cirri khas Jawa Barat. Dan ditempat itu juga kita bias belajar cara memainkan Angklung. Banyak wisatawan yang datang kesana, tidak hanya wisatawan domestik saja. Wisatawan asing pun banyak yang datang kesana untuk belajar dan menyaksikan pertunjukan Angklung.
Selain musik, ada juga tarian. Salah satunya adalah tarian Jaipong. Tarian Jaipong merupakan salah satu tarian khas dari Jawa Barat. Tarian yang diiringi oleh musik cepat ini juga sangat terkenal dikalangan masyarakat sebagai tarian tradisional daerah Jawa Barat. Selain diiringi musik cepat salah satu daya tarik dadi tarian Jaipong adalah kostumnya yang menarik. Kostum untuk Jaipong sendiri adalah Kebaya dengan warna yang sedikit terang, kain dan selendang. Biasanya tarian Jaipong dipentaskan di acara-acara disebuah tempat atau bahkan lomba. Contohnya diacara pentas seni sekolah atau acara-acara pernikahan. Di acara pernikahan tarian jaipong biasanya dipentasakan sebagai hiburan untuk para tamu yang datang. Di acar pernikahan, biasanya tarian jaipong berlangsung selam 1 malam penuh. Biasanya tarian jaipong diiringi dengan gendang dan juga ada sinden yang akan mengiringi. Lagu yang biasa di paki untuk mengiringi tarian jaipong yaitu daun pulus dan jugala.
Sebenarnya banyak sekali kesenian dari Jawa Barat seperti Sisingaan yang berasal dari Sukabumi. Biasanya Sisingan dipakai apabiala ada acara sunatan. Anak yang di sunat akan naik di atas Sisingaan, lalu diarak keliling kampung. Wayang golek juga merupakan salah satu kesenian dari daerah Jawa Barat. Wayang golek adalah boneka yang terbuat dari kayu dan biasanya wang golek digunakan sebagai media untuk bercerita. Cerita yang ditampilkan biasanya cerita rakyat. Dan biasanya Wayang golek juga dihadirkan di acara-acara pernikahan sebagai hiburan para tamu. Dan biasanya pula Wayang golek ditampilkan selama 1 malam penuh. Kesenian Jawa Barat sebenarnya sangat benyak . ini hanya sebagian dari kesenian tersebut. Sebenarnya Negara kita ini kaya akan kebudayaan yang menjadi kebanggaan kita. Maka cintailah kesenian Negara-mu sendiri.
Tugas IBD Soft Skill Bab I-IX
BAB 1
1. Jelaskan 3 tujuan mahasiswa mempelajari IBD !
1. Mengenal lebih dalam dirinya sendiri dan orang lain.
2. Sebagai bekal penting untuk pergaulan hidup.
3. Sebagai jembatan untuk saran yang berbeda.
2. Masalah apa yang dipelajari dalam IBD?
Masalah tentang manusia dan kenudayaan.
3. Siapakah yang disebut manusia ? dan apa pula yang dinamakan kebudayaan?
Manusia adalah makhluk yang mempunyai akal dan pikiran. Sedangkan kebudayaan adalah kata yang berasal dari kata akal.
BAB II
1. Jelaskan pengertian cinta kasih dan kasih saying !
Cinta kasih adalah rasa suka kepada seseorang tanpa belas kasihan. Sedangkan kasih saying adalah rasa perhatian yang kita berikan kepada orang yang kita saying.
2. Sebutkan unsure-unsur kasih saying, bagaimana jika salah satu unsure kasih sayang hilang ?
1. Perhatian
2. Cinta.
3. Saling menghormati.
Jika salah satu unsurnya hilang maka kehidupan tidak akan berjalan dengan seimbang.
3. Menurut Erik Fromm ada 4 syarat untuk mewujudkan cinta kasih, jelaskan !
1. Knowledge (pengenalan).
2. Responbility (tanggung jawab).
3. Care (perhatian).
4. Respect (saling menghormati).
4. Jelaskan pengertian Cinta Agape, Cinta Philia, Cinta Amor dan Cinta Eros !
1. Cinta agape adalah cinta terhadap tuhan.
2. Cinta philia adalah cinta persaudaraan.
3. Cinta eros adalah cinta menyangkut aspek ragawi.
4. Cinta amor adalah cinta yang mengikuti psikologis.
5. Apa yang dimaksud dengan defisiensi ?
Defisiensi adalah penjelasan atau uraian.
BAB III
1. Jelaskan pengertian keindahan menurut The Liang Gie, Plato, dan Aristoteles !
-The Liang Gie : keindahan adalah ide kebaikan.
-Plato : keindahan adalah watak yang indah dan hukum yang indah.
-Aristoteles : keindahan sebagai sesuatu yang baik dan menyenangkan.
2. Apa yang dimaksud dengan nilai ekstrinsik dan instrinsik suatu benda ?
-nilai ekstrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda sebagai alat untuk sarana hal lainnya yang bersifat membantu.
-nilai instrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda bersangkutan demi kepentingan benda itu sendiri.
3. Apa tujuan manusia menciptakan keindahan ?
agar kehidupan berjalan dengan seimbang.
BAB V
1. Sebutkan sebab-sebab timbulnya penderitaan manusia ?
-penderitaan yang timbul karena perbuatan buruk manusia.
-penderitaan yang timbul karena penyakit, siksaan atau azab.
2. Sebutkan hal-hal yang menyebabkan manusia mengalami kekalutan mental ?
-kepribadian yang lemah.
-terjadinya konflik sosial budaya akibat moral.
-pematangan batin yang salah.
3. Kekalutan mental yang dialami seseorang mendorongnya kearah positif dan negatif, jelasakan !
-positif : trauma.
-negatif : trauma yang diperlarutkan akhirnya frustasi.
4. Tuliskan bentuk-bentuk frustasi dan jelaskan !
-kemarahan yang meluap (agresi).
-kembali pola kekanak-kanakan (regrasi).
-memproyeksikan kelemahan diri (fiksasi).
-menyamakan didi dengan orang lain (identifikasi).
-merasa dirinya lebih (superior).
-gejala menutup diri (autisme).
5. Dilingkungan yang bagaimanakah kekalutan mental banyak terjadi ?
-kota-kota besar.
-anak-anak remaja.
-orang yang tak beragama.
-orang yang mengejar materi.
BAB V
1. Jelaskan macam-macam keadilan dan sebutkan pengertiannya ?
•Keadilan legal atau keadilan moral.
•Keadilan distributive.
•Keadilan komutatif.
2. Jelaskan pengertian menurut Aristoteles, Plato dan Socrates !
• Plato : Keadilan adalah kemampuan manusia biasa.
• Aristoteles :Keadilan adalah peletak dasar rasonalisme dan empirisme.
Socrates : Keadilan akan tercipta apabila warga negara sudah merasakan pemerintah sudah melaksanakan tugasnya.
3. Sebutkan bermacam-macam aspek sebab orang melakukan kecurangan ditinjau dari hubungan manusia dengan alam sekitarnya !
o Aspek ekonomi.
o Aspek kebudayan.
o Aspek keberadaban.
o Aspek teknik.
BAB VI
1. Sebutkan pengertian pandangan hidup !
Pandangan hidup adalah pendapat atau pertimbangan yang dijadikan pegangan , pedoman , arahan, dan petunjuk hidup didunia.
2. Sebutkan 3 macam klafisikasi pandangan hidup berdasarkan asalnya !
•Pandangan hidup yang berasal dari agama.
•Pandangan hidup yang berupa ideologi.
•Pandangan hidup hasil renungan.
3. Pada dasarnya pandangan hidup memiliki 4 unsur, tuliskanlah ke-4 unsur tersebut !
•Cita-cita.
•Kebajikan.
•Usaha.
•Keyakinan atau kepercayaan.
4. Sebutkan empat factor agar seseorang dapat mencapai cita-cita !
•Berusaha.
•Mempunyai tujuan.
•Berdoa
•Yakin.
5. Untuk mengetahui kebaikan dari 3 segi tuliskanlah !
•Kebaikan dari segi pandangan hidup.
•Kebaikan dari segi adat istiadat.
•Kebaikan dalam norma-norma moral.
6. Sebutkan 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku seseorang !
•Likungan.
•Kepribadian orang itu sendiri.
•Pergaulan.
7. Sebutkan urutan langkah-langkah dalam melaksanakan pandangan hidup !
•Mengenal.
•Mengerti.
•Menghayati.
•Meyakini.
•Menagbdi.
BAB VII
1. Sebutkan pengertian tanggung jawab !
Sesuatu yang harus kita lakukan agar kita menerima sesuatu yang dinamakan hak.
2. Tuliskan macam-macam tanggung jawab !
•Diri sendiri.
•Keluarga.
•Masyarakat.
•Tuhan.
•Bangsa dan Negara.
3. Jelaskan pengertian pengabdian !
Perbuatan baik yang berupa pikiran, pendapat, atau tenaga sebagai perwujutan kesetian, cinta dan rasa hormat.
4. Kepada siapakah pengabdian itu dilakukan !
•Keluarga.
•Masyarakat.
•Bangsa dan Negara.
BAB VIII
1. Jelaskan pengertian kegelisahan !
Kegelisahan berasal dari kata gellisah yang berarti tidak tentram hatinya dan selalu merasa cemas.
2. Sebutkan gejala-gejala seseorang mengalami kegelisahan !
•Panik.
•Sulit bernafas.
•Jantung berdebar-debar.
•Mondar-mandir tidak jelas.
3. Menurut Simon Freud ada 3 macan kecemasan , tuliskanlah !
•Kecemasan realita.
•Kecemasan neurotik.
•Kecemasan moral.
4. Apa yang menyebabkan orang gelisah !
Mengingat kejadian-kejadian traumatis dimasa lalu.
5. Sebutkan cara menghilangkan kegelisahan ?
•Berdoa.
•Beribadah.
•Konsultasi.
6. Jelaskan cara yang paling mudah untuk mengatasi kegelisahan ?
•Berdoa.
•Beribadah.
7. Mengapa kiya menjadi gelisah ?
Karena membuat salah dan mengingat-ingat masalah yang tidak enak.
8. Jelaskan terjadinya ketidakpastian !
Akibat pikiran tidak dapat konsentrasi. Ketidakpastian konsentrasian disebabkan berbagai sebab dari pikiran yang kacau.
9. Delusi ada 3 macam, jelaskan !
•Delusion of erotomatic adalah delusi dimana seseorang mempercayai mempunyai kedudukan penting.
•Delusion of grandiose adalah delusi dimana individu yang mempercayai bahwa ia mempunyai bakat, kekuatan melebihi Tuhan.
•Delusion of jealous adalah delusi dimana seseorang mempercayai bahwa pasangannya berselingkuh atau tidak dapat dipercaya.
10. Jelaskan perbedaan delusi dan halusinasi !
•Delusi adalah kepercayaan yang muncul kedalam kehidupan nyata seperti merasa dirinya diracuni orang lain , dicintai, ditipu, merasa disakiti dan disakiti.
•Halusinasi adalah persepsi kondisi sadar tanpa adanya rangsang nyata terhadap indra.
BAB IX
1. Jelaskan pengertian harapan !
Harapan ialah keinginan yang ingin dicapai oleh hati kita dan harapan adalah sesuatu yang membuat kita bertahan didalam rintangan.
2. Apa persamaan antara harapan dan cita-cita !
Sama-sama ingin mencapai keinginan.
3. Apa perbedaan cita-cita dengan harapan!
•Cita-cita adalah mencapai impian dengan tujuan yang jelas.
•Harapan adalah keinginan yang ingin dicapai oleh hati kita.
4. Jelaskan yang mendorong manusia mempunyai harapan !
Karena manusia mempunyai keinginan hati yang ingin dicapai dengan tujuan yang jelas.
5. Jelaskan pendapat Abraham Maslow mengenai kodrat harapan manusia !
•Kelangsungan hidup (survival).
•Keamanan (safety).
•Hak dan kewajiban mencintai dan dicintai (be loving and love).
•Diakui lingkungan (status).
•Perwujudan cita-cita (self actualization).
6. Sebutkan 3 teori kebenaran !
•Teori kebenaran korespondensi.
•Teori kebenaran koherensi.
•Teori kebenaran pragmatis.
7. Dihubungkan dengan harapan jelaskan maksud pepatah “Seperti pungguk merindukan bulan “!
Menginginkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin tercapai.
8. Bagaiman agar keinginan atau harapan dapat terwujud !
•Berusaha sebaik mungkin.
•Berdoa.
•Yakin.
1. Jelaskan 3 tujuan mahasiswa mempelajari IBD !
1. Mengenal lebih dalam dirinya sendiri dan orang lain.
2. Sebagai bekal penting untuk pergaulan hidup.
3. Sebagai jembatan untuk saran yang berbeda.
2. Masalah apa yang dipelajari dalam IBD?
Masalah tentang manusia dan kenudayaan.
3. Siapakah yang disebut manusia ? dan apa pula yang dinamakan kebudayaan?
Manusia adalah makhluk yang mempunyai akal dan pikiran. Sedangkan kebudayaan adalah kata yang berasal dari kata akal.
BAB II
1. Jelaskan pengertian cinta kasih dan kasih saying !
Cinta kasih adalah rasa suka kepada seseorang tanpa belas kasihan. Sedangkan kasih saying adalah rasa perhatian yang kita berikan kepada orang yang kita saying.
2. Sebutkan unsure-unsur kasih saying, bagaimana jika salah satu unsure kasih sayang hilang ?
1. Perhatian
2. Cinta.
3. Saling menghormati.
Jika salah satu unsurnya hilang maka kehidupan tidak akan berjalan dengan seimbang.
3. Menurut Erik Fromm ada 4 syarat untuk mewujudkan cinta kasih, jelaskan !
1. Knowledge (pengenalan).
2. Responbility (tanggung jawab).
3. Care (perhatian).
4. Respect (saling menghormati).
4. Jelaskan pengertian Cinta Agape, Cinta Philia, Cinta Amor dan Cinta Eros !
1. Cinta agape adalah cinta terhadap tuhan.
2. Cinta philia adalah cinta persaudaraan.
3. Cinta eros adalah cinta menyangkut aspek ragawi.
4. Cinta amor adalah cinta yang mengikuti psikologis.
5. Apa yang dimaksud dengan defisiensi ?
Defisiensi adalah penjelasan atau uraian.
BAB III
1. Jelaskan pengertian keindahan menurut The Liang Gie, Plato, dan Aristoteles !
-The Liang Gie : keindahan adalah ide kebaikan.
-Plato : keindahan adalah watak yang indah dan hukum yang indah.
-Aristoteles : keindahan sebagai sesuatu yang baik dan menyenangkan.
2. Apa yang dimaksud dengan nilai ekstrinsik dan instrinsik suatu benda ?
-nilai ekstrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda sebagai alat untuk sarana hal lainnya yang bersifat membantu.
-nilai instrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda bersangkutan demi kepentingan benda itu sendiri.
3. Apa tujuan manusia menciptakan keindahan ?
agar kehidupan berjalan dengan seimbang.
BAB V
1. Sebutkan sebab-sebab timbulnya penderitaan manusia ?
-penderitaan yang timbul karena perbuatan buruk manusia.
-penderitaan yang timbul karena penyakit, siksaan atau azab.
2. Sebutkan hal-hal yang menyebabkan manusia mengalami kekalutan mental ?
-kepribadian yang lemah.
-terjadinya konflik sosial budaya akibat moral.
-pematangan batin yang salah.
3. Kekalutan mental yang dialami seseorang mendorongnya kearah positif dan negatif, jelasakan !
-positif : trauma.
-negatif : trauma yang diperlarutkan akhirnya frustasi.
4. Tuliskan bentuk-bentuk frustasi dan jelaskan !
-kemarahan yang meluap (agresi).
-kembali pola kekanak-kanakan (regrasi).
-memproyeksikan kelemahan diri (fiksasi).
-menyamakan didi dengan orang lain (identifikasi).
-merasa dirinya lebih (superior).
-gejala menutup diri (autisme).
5. Dilingkungan yang bagaimanakah kekalutan mental banyak terjadi ?
-kota-kota besar.
-anak-anak remaja.
-orang yang tak beragama.
-orang yang mengejar materi.
BAB V
1. Jelaskan macam-macam keadilan dan sebutkan pengertiannya ?
•Keadilan legal atau keadilan moral.
•Keadilan distributive.
•Keadilan komutatif.
2. Jelaskan pengertian menurut Aristoteles, Plato dan Socrates !
• Plato : Keadilan adalah kemampuan manusia biasa.
• Aristoteles :Keadilan adalah peletak dasar rasonalisme dan empirisme.
Socrates : Keadilan akan tercipta apabila warga negara sudah merasakan pemerintah sudah melaksanakan tugasnya.
3. Sebutkan bermacam-macam aspek sebab orang melakukan kecurangan ditinjau dari hubungan manusia dengan alam sekitarnya !
o Aspek ekonomi.
o Aspek kebudayan.
o Aspek keberadaban.
o Aspek teknik.
BAB VI
1. Sebutkan pengertian pandangan hidup !
Pandangan hidup adalah pendapat atau pertimbangan yang dijadikan pegangan , pedoman , arahan, dan petunjuk hidup didunia.
2. Sebutkan 3 macam klafisikasi pandangan hidup berdasarkan asalnya !
•Pandangan hidup yang berasal dari agama.
•Pandangan hidup yang berupa ideologi.
•Pandangan hidup hasil renungan.
3. Pada dasarnya pandangan hidup memiliki 4 unsur, tuliskanlah ke-4 unsur tersebut !
•Cita-cita.
•Kebajikan.
•Usaha.
•Keyakinan atau kepercayaan.
4. Sebutkan empat factor agar seseorang dapat mencapai cita-cita !
•Berusaha.
•Mempunyai tujuan.
•Berdoa
•Yakin.
5. Untuk mengetahui kebaikan dari 3 segi tuliskanlah !
•Kebaikan dari segi pandangan hidup.
•Kebaikan dari segi adat istiadat.
•Kebaikan dalam norma-norma moral.
6. Sebutkan 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku seseorang !
•Likungan.
•Kepribadian orang itu sendiri.
•Pergaulan.
7. Sebutkan urutan langkah-langkah dalam melaksanakan pandangan hidup !
•Mengenal.
•Mengerti.
•Menghayati.
•Meyakini.
•Menagbdi.
BAB VII
1. Sebutkan pengertian tanggung jawab !
Sesuatu yang harus kita lakukan agar kita menerima sesuatu yang dinamakan hak.
2. Tuliskan macam-macam tanggung jawab !
•Diri sendiri.
•Keluarga.
•Masyarakat.
•Tuhan.
•Bangsa dan Negara.
3. Jelaskan pengertian pengabdian !
Perbuatan baik yang berupa pikiran, pendapat, atau tenaga sebagai perwujutan kesetian, cinta dan rasa hormat.
4. Kepada siapakah pengabdian itu dilakukan !
•Keluarga.
•Masyarakat.
•Bangsa dan Negara.
BAB VIII
1. Jelaskan pengertian kegelisahan !
Kegelisahan berasal dari kata gellisah yang berarti tidak tentram hatinya dan selalu merasa cemas.
2. Sebutkan gejala-gejala seseorang mengalami kegelisahan !
•Panik.
•Sulit bernafas.
•Jantung berdebar-debar.
•Mondar-mandir tidak jelas.
3. Menurut Simon Freud ada 3 macan kecemasan , tuliskanlah !
•Kecemasan realita.
•Kecemasan neurotik.
•Kecemasan moral.
4. Apa yang menyebabkan orang gelisah !
Mengingat kejadian-kejadian traumatis dimasa lalu.
5. Sebutkan cara menghilangkan kegelisahan ?
•Berdoa.
•Beribadah.
•Konsultasi.
6. Jelaskan cara yang paling mudah untuk mengatasi kegelisahan ?
•Berdoa.
•Beribadah.
7. Mengapa kiya menjadi gelisah ?
Karena membuat salah dan mengingat-ingat masalah yang tidak enak.
8. Jelaskan terjadinya ketidakpastian !
Akibat pikiran tidak dapat konsentrasi. Ketidakpastian konsentrasian disebabkan berbagai sebab dari pikiran yang kacau.
9. Delusi ada 3 macam, jelaskan !
•Delusion of erotomatic adalah delusi dimana seseorang mempercayai mempunyai kedudukan penting.
•Delusion of grandiose adalah delusi dimana individu yang mempercayai bahwa ia mempunyai bakat, kekuatan melebihi Tuhan.
•Delusion of jealous adalah delusi dimana seseorang mempercayai bahwa pasangannya berselingkuh atau tidak dapat dipercaya.
10. Jelaskan perbedaan delusi dan halusinasi !
•Delusi adalah kepercayaan yang muncul kedalam kehidupan nyata seperti merasa dirinya diracuni orang lain , dicintai, ditipu, merasa disakiti dan disakiti.
•Halusinasi adalah persepsi kondisi sadar tanpa adanya rangsang nyata terhadap indra.
BAB IX
1. Jelaskan pengertian harapan !
Harapan ialah keinginan yang ingin dicapai oleh hati kita dan harapan adalah sesuatu yang membuat kita bertahan didalam rintangan.
2. Apa persamaan antara harapan dan cita-cita !
Sama-sama ingin mencapai keinginan.
3. Apa perbedaan cita-cita dengan harapan!
•Cita-cita adalah mencapai impian dengan tujuan yang jelas.
•Harapan adalah keinginan yang ingin dicapai oleh hati kita.
4. Jelaskan yang mendorong manusia mempunyai harapan !
Karena manusia mempunyai keinginan hati yang ingin dicapai dengan tujuan yang jelas.
5. Jelaskan pendapat Abraham Maslow mengenai kodrat harapan manusia !
•Kelangsungan hidup (survival).
•Keamanan (safety).
•Hak dan kewajiban mencintai dan dicintai (be loving and love).
•Diakui lingkungan (status).
•Perwujudan cita-cita (self actualization).
6. Sebutkan 3 teori kebenaran !
•Teori kebenaran korespondensi.
•Teori kebenaran koherensi.
•Teori kebenaran pragmatis.
7. Dihubungkan dengan harapan jelaskan maksud pepatah “Seperti pungguk merindukan bulan “!
Menginginkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin tercapai.
8. Bagaiman agar keinginan atau harapan dapat terwujud !
•Berusaha sebaik mungkin.
•Berdoa.
•Yakin.
Sabtu, 01 Januari 2011
Tugas IBD Soft Skill
BAB III
1. Jelaskan pengertian keindahan menurut The Liang Gie, Plato, dan Aristoteles !
-The Liang Gie : keindahan adalah ide kebaikan.
-Plato : keindahan adalah watak yang indah dan hukum yang indah.
-Aristoteles : keindahan sebagai sesuatu yang baik dan menyenangkan.
2. Apa yang dimaksud dengan nilai ekstrinsik dan instrinsik suatu benda ?
-nilai ekstrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda sebagai alat untuk sarana hal lainnya yang bersifat membantu.
-nilai instrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda bersangkutan demi kepentingan benda itu sendiri.
3. Apa tujuan manusia menciptakan keindahan ?
agar kehidupan berjalan dengan seimbang.
BAB V
1. Sebutkan sebab-sebab timbulnya penderitaan manusia ?
-penderitaan yang timbul karena perbuatan buruk manusia.
-penderitaan yang timbul karena penyakit, siksaan atau azab.
2. Sebutkan hal-hal yang menyebabkan manusia mengalami kekalutan mental ?
-kepribadian yang lemah.
-terjadinya konflik sosial budaya akibat moral.
-pematangan batin yang salah.
3. Kekalutan mental yang dialami seseorang mendorongnya kearah positif dan negatif, jelasakan !
-positif : trauma.
-negatif : trauma yang diperlarutkan akhirnya frustasi.
4. Tuliskan bentuk-bentuk frustasi dan jelaskan !
-kemarahan yang meluap (agresi).
-kembali pola kekanak-kanakan (regrasi).
-memproyeksikan kelemahan diri (fiksasi).
-menyamakan didi dengan orang lain (identifikasi).
-merasa dirinya lebih (superior).
-gejala menutup diri (autisme).
5. Dilingkungan yang bagaimanakah kekalutan mental banyak terjadi ?
-kota-kota besar.
-anak-anak remaja.
-orang yang tak beragama.
-orang yang mengejar materi.
1. Jelaskan pengertian keindahan menurut The Liang Gie, Plato, dan Aristoteles !
-The Liang Gie : keindahan adalah ide kebaikan.
-Plato : keindahan adalah watak yang indah dan hukum yang indah.
-Aristoteles : keindahan sebagai sesuatu yang baik dan menyenangkan.
2. Apa yang dimaksud dengan nilai ekstrinsik dan instrinsik suatu benda ?
-nilai ekstrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda sebagai alat untuk sarana hal lainnya yang bersifat membantu.
-nilai instrinsik : sifat baik dari suatu benda bersangkutan demi kepentingan benda itu sendiri.
3. Apa tujuan manusia menciptakan keindahan ?
agar kehidupan berjalan dengan seimbang.
BAB V
1. Sebutkan sebab-sebab timbulnya penderitaan manusia ?
-penderitaan yang timbul karena perbuatan buruk manusia.
-penderitaan yang timbul karena penyakit, siksaan atau azab.
2. Sebutkan hal-hal yang menyebabkan manusia mengalami kekalutan mental ?
-kepribadian yang lemah.
-terjadinya konflik sosial budaya akibat moral.
-pematangan batin yang salah.
3. Kekalutan mental yang dialami seseorang mendorongnya kearah positif dan negatif, jelasakan !
-positif : trauma.
-negatif : trauma yang diperlarutkan akhirnya frustasi.
4. Tuliskan bentuk-bentuk frustasi dan jelaskan !
-kemarahan yang meluap (agresi).
-kembali pola kekanak-kanakan (regrasi).
-memproyeksikan kelemahan diri (fiksasi).
-menyamakan didi dengan orang lain (identifikasi).
-merasa dirinya lebih (superior).
-gejala menutup diri (autisme).
5. Dilingkungan yang bagaimanakah kekalutan mental banyak terjadi ?
-kota-kota besar.
-anak-anak remaja.
-orang yang tak beragama.
-orang yang mengejar materi.
TUGAS IBD SOFT SKILL
BAB 1
1. Jelaskan 3 tujuan mahasiswa mempelajari IBD !
Mengenal lebih dalam dirinya sendiri dan orang lain.
Sebagai bekal penting untuk pergaulan hidup.
Sebagai jembatan untuk saran yang berbeda.
2. Masalah apa yang dipelajari dalam IBD?
Masalah tentang manusia dan kenudayaan.
3. Siapakah yang disebut manusia ? dan apa pula yang dinamakan kebudayaan?
Manusia adalah makhluk yang mempunyai akal dan pikiran. Sedangkan kebudayaan adalah kata yang berasal dari kata akal.
BAB II
1. Jelaskan pengertian cinta kasih dan kasih sayang !
Cinta kasih adalah rasa suka kepada seseorang tanpa belas kasihan. Sedangkan kasih saying adalah rasa perhatian yang kita berikan kepada orang yang kita saying.
2. Sebutkan unsure-unsur kasih saying, bagaimana jika salah satu unsure kasih sayang hilang ?
Perhatian
Cinta.
Saling menghormati.
Jika salah satu unsurnya hilang maka kehidupan tidak akan berjalan dengan seimbang.
3. Menurut Erik Fromm ada 4 syarat untuk mewujudkan cinta kasih, jelaskan !
Knowledge (pengenalan).
Responbility (tanggung jawab).
Care (perhatian).
Respect (saling menghormati).
4. Jelaskan pengertian Cinta Agape, Cinta Philia, Cinta Amor dan Cinta Eros !
Cinta agape adalah cinta terhadap tuhan.
Cinta philia adalah cinta persaudaraan.
Cinta eros adalah cinta menyangkut aspek ragawi.
Cinta amor adalah cinta yang mengikuti psikologis.
5. Apa yang dimaksud dengan defisiensi ?
Defisiensi adalah penjelasan atau uraian
1. Jelaskan 3 tujuan mahasiswa mempelajari IBD !
Mengenal lebih dalam dirinya sendiri dan orang lain.
Sebagai bekal penting untuk pergaulan hidup.
Sebagai jembatan untuk saran yang berbeda.
2. Masalah apa yang dipelajari dalam IBD?
Masalah tentang manusia dan kenudayaan.
3. Siapakah yang disebut manusia ? dan apa pula yang dinamakan kebudayaan?
Manusia adalah makhluk yang mempunyai akal dan pikiran. Sedangkan kebudayaan adalah kata yang berasal dari kata akal.
BAB II
1. Jelaskan pengertian cinta kasih dan kasih sayang !
Cinta kasih adalah rasa suka kepada seseorang tanpa belas kasihan. Sedangkan kasih saying adalah rasa perhatian yang kita berikan kepada orang yang kita saying.
2. Sebutkan unsure-unsur kasih saying, bagaimana jika salah satu unsure kasih sayang hilang ?
Perhatian
Cinta.
Saling menghormati.
Jika salah satu unsurnya hilang maka kehidupan tidak akan berjalan dengan seimbang.
3. Menurut Erik Fromm ada 4 syarat untuk mewujudkan cinta kasih, jelaskan !
Knowledge (pengenalan).
Responbility (tanggung jawab).
Care (perhatian).
Respect (saling menghormati).
4. Jelaskan pengertian Cinta Agape, Cinta Philia, Cinta Amor dan Cinta Eros !
Cinta agape adalah cinta terhadap tuhan.
Cinta philia adalah cinta persaudaraan.
Cinta eros adalah cinta menyangkut aspek ragawi.
Cinta amor adalah cinta yang mengikuti psikologis.
5. Apa yang dimaksud dengan defisiensi ?
Defisiensi adalah penjelasan atau uraian
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