Currently, Tembang Cianjuran often become an integral part of an art show at events welcoming guests to the Sundanese people, such as wedding or circumcision. Strains sound sekar (sinden) diiringan melodious harp and flute instrument makes the atmosphere more graceful, polite, solemn and full of hospitality. Sehigga the guests who came would have washed away the existing atmosphere. If it is said Tembang Cianjuran is music that has a color Sundanese music is so charming, elegant, soft and smooth. It is indeed very closely related to the embryo and development Tembang Cianjuran.
Art Tembang Cianjuran born from the copyright sense and intention Regent Cianjur IX, R. Aria Kusumaningrat Duke (1834-1861), or more commonly known as "Dalem Pancaniti". However, its perfection is the result of his creation, aided by the artist dalem Pancaniti districts namely: Rd. Natawiredja, AEM and Maing Buleng. Third person is then obtained permission to distribute Dalem Pancaniti Cianjuran songs.
In the reign of RAA Prawiradiredja II (1861-1910), art Tembang Cianjuran revised rules. With the added accompaniment of harp and flute sound, it gives birth Tembang Cianjuran known until today.
Cianjuran song was originally a music full of prestige of the nobles. Therefore, the presence of Tembang Cianjuran originally intended for officials or high-class society. And because it is also where her performance has always been on the marquee, marquee district. Usually for formal occasions welcoming guests regents or official ceremonies for national holidays.
However, in the growth and development along with the various changes that occur in society Tembang Cianjuran has become so familiar in the community. Cianjuran song that was only to be enjoyed by the nobility, developed into a music that is rooted in the populist tradition. Now, Tembang Cianjuran very easily met in the society wedding feasts cianjur (Sunda).
Cianjuran Tembang lovers are not as many other art forms, such as pop music. But enthusiasts and connoisseurs Tembang Cianjuran significant. Some artists Tembang Cianjuran develop an unlimited again on Kacapi Tembang Flute Flute Cianjuran but also Kacapi Pop Cianjuran.
Although the storm swallowed modernasi Tembang Cianjuran including type of art that are still getting a positive response from the global community, its presence was well received by all parties. Both local and international communities to participate this Sundanese cultural heritage preservation. The proof, until now still found many foreign students who study the arts seriously Tembang Cianjuran. Some of them are students from the United States, Norway, Europe, Japan and other Asian countries.
Learning the Art Sunda Tembang Cianjuran not too difficult, even though its not as easy to learn the art of Sundanese Angklung example. Level of difficulty learning Tembang Cianjuran depend on grade or level as they try to play the instruments. A beginner who has never had to play musical instruments harp, flute song Cianjuran will approximately take 3-6 months to play the type of music desired.
It does not fit if someone just learning how to play instruments and vocal Tembang Cianjuran only. Because this art has a wealth of stored culture. One is the content stored on the meaning behind the poem-poem. In each poem, his verse the recipient to find a vocal wisdom (wisdom vocals) in the form of natural harmony, balance, humility, compassion, etc. policies. Interested Tembang Cianjuran required to reveal the messages stored in the body of his verse. Cianjuran song has become distinctive in the middle of frenzied pop culture is increasingly globalized.
Tembang Cianjuran very thick with kesundaannya identity. It would be very unfortunate if the younger generation began to leave this art. In the midst of crisis, loss of identity of this nation, there is a question that deserves at pointed out: If a foreigner with a serious study Tembang Cianjuran Sunda, was there any reason for the younger generation to leave?.
Selasa, 29 Maret 2011
TANJIDOR (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Tanjidor orchestra has grown since the 19th century, flourished in rural areas. According to some information, the orchestra was coming from the orchestra that originally fostered the environment dalarn landlords, such as landlords Citeureup, near Cibinong.
In general, musical instruments in the orchestra Tanjidor consists of wind instruments such as the piston (cornet a piston), trombone, tenor, clarinet, bass, percussion instruments are equipped with a common membrane called the drum or drums. With enough equipment to accompany the parade or parading the bride.
For the performances, especially the place and not moving his instruments are often combined with tools such as tehyan friction, and some membranfon such as tambourines, drum and drums, coupled with some percussion instrument like kecrek, kempul and gongs.
The songs are usually sung tanjidor orchestra, according to the local term is "battalion", "Kramton" "Bananas", "Delsi", "Was No-no", "Inbound" and "Welmes". In later developments bring more Betawi folk songs like Surilang "Jali-jali etc., as well as songs by local term known as the Sunda mountain songs, like" Kangaji "," Oncomlele "and so forth.
Tanjidor groups residing in Jakarta area, among others, from the leadership Cijantung Nyaat, Kalisari Nawin leadership, leadership Pondokranggon Maun, Ceger Gejen leadership.
Regional spread of Tanjidor, except in the suburbs of Jakarta, is in the vicinity of Depok, Cibinong, Citeureup, Cileungsi, Jonggol, Parung in Bogor regency, in several places in the district of Bekasi and Tangerang.
As folk art, orchestra supporters Tanjidor especially farmers in rural areas. In general, artists can not Tanjidor rnengandalkan a living from the results obtained from the field of art. Most of their living from farming or petty trading.
By supporting community Tanjidor used to enliven a celebration such as weddings, circumcisions and the like, or public parties like to celebrate the birthday of the Declaration of Independence. Until the fifties crowds of ordinary Tanjidor performing tour, the term "Ngamen". This tour was primarily conducted at the time New Year's party, both AD and Lunar.
It should be noted, that in accordance with the development of time and tastes of society supporters, with the usual Tanjidor also dangdut songs. There is also a special rendition of the Sundanese Pop-song known as "Winingan tanji".
In general, musical instruments in the orchestra Tanjidor consists of wind instruments such as the piston (cornet a piston), trombone, tenor, clarinet, bass, percussion instruments are equipped with a common membrane called the drum or drums. With enough equipment to accompany the parade or parading the bride.
For the performances, especially the place and not moving his instruments are often combined with tools such as tehyan friction, and some membranfon such as tambourines, drum and drums, coupled with some percussion instrument like kecrek, kempul and gongs.
The songs are usually sung tanjidor orchestra, according to the local term is "battalion", "Kramton" "Bananas", "Delsi", "Was No-no", "Inbound" and "Welmes". In later developments bring more Betawi folk songs like Surilang "Jali-jali etc., as well as songs by local term known as the Sunda mountain songs, like" Kangaji "," Oncomlele "and so forth.
Tanjidor groups residing in Jakarta area, among others, from the leadership Cijantung Nyaat, Kalisari Nawin leadership, leadership Pondokranggon Maun, Ceger Gejen leadership.
Regional spread of Tanjidor, except in the suburbs of Jakarta, is in the vicinity of Depok, Cibinong, Citeureup, Cileungsi, Jonggol, Parung in Bogor regency, in several places in the district of Bekasi and Tangerang.
As folk art, orchestra supporters Tanjidor especially farmers in rural areas. In general, artists can not Tanjidor rnengandalkan a living from the results obtained from the field of art. Most of their living from farming or petty trading.
By supporting community Tanjidor used to enliven a celebration such as weddings, circumcisions and the like, or public parties like to celebrate the birthday of the Declaration of Independence. Until the fifties crowds of ordinary Tanjidor performing tour, the term "Ngamen". This tour was primarily conducted at the time New Year's party, both AD and Lunar.
It should be noted, that in accordance with the development of time and tastes of society supporters, with the usual Tanjidor also dangdut songs. There is also a special rendition of the Sundanese Pop-song known as "Winingan tanji".
SUNDANES CULTURE (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Culture comes from the Sanskrit word that is buddhayah, which is the plural form of buddhi (mind or intellect), defined as matters relating to the mind and human reason. In English, the culture is called culture, which comes from the Latin word Colere, namely processing or working. Can be interpreted also as cultivate the land or farming. The word culture is also sometimes translated as "culture" in Indonesian.
In each country or region must have a culture that became typical cirri place itself. Like Indonesia, an archipelagic nation which has so many cultures in every region. So do not be surprised if Indonesia is rich with culture. This time I will mambahas one of Indonesia's culture comes from the earth the western part of Indonesia, precisely dipilau western part of Java, namely West Java.
West Javanese culture or commonly called Sundanese culture. Sundanese culture with other cultures, which consist of music, dance and other arts. For music, musical instruments typical cirri of West Java is the Angklung, Calung, drum and others. Angklung is a musical instrument of the famous West Java. Musical instrument memepunyai this beautiful tone was claimed by other States as their musical instruments. However, all that's not true, because Anglkung is a native Indonesian musical instrument from West Java. Although now rarely young people who play the Angklung. But some schools in some areas in West Java as one makes Angklung Extrakulikuler in their school. Even Angklung already has a proud achievement in the international world and known by the world as musical instruments native to Indonesia. In one place, precisely in Bandung, West Java, there is a place that is making Angklung Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Place that not only makes the Angklung, but there is a show for tourists who come there. In addition, there also provide the place of purchase by-the typical cirri of West Java. And the place that we can also learn how to play the Angklung. Many tourists who come there, not only domestic tourists alone. Foreign tourists who come there was a lot to learn and see the show Angklung.
Besides music, there is also dancing. One is the dance Jaipong. Jaipong dance is one of the typical dance of West Java. The dance is accompanied by fast music is also very famous among the people as the traditional dance of West Java. In addition to fast music accompanied one of the attractions dadi Jaipong dance is an interesting costume. Jaipong own costumes for the Kebaya with a few bright colors, fabrics and scarves. Usually Jaipong dance events staged in a place or even race. For example diacara arts school or weddings. At the wedding dance jaipong usually dipentasakan as entertainment for the guests who came. In pickles marriage, usually dance jaipong lasted 1 night dive full. Usually jaipong dance accompanied by drums and also there sinden who will accompany. The song is unusual in Paki to accompany the dance is leaf pulus jaipong and jugala.
Actually a lot of art from West Java like sisingaan derived from Sukabumi. Usually there apabiala Sisingan used circumcision ceremony. Children in circumcision will rise above sisingaan, then paraded around the village. Puppet show is also one of the arts of West Java. Puppet show is a puppet made of wood and usually wang doll used as a medium for storytelling. Stories that appear usually folklore. And usually Wayang puppet also presented at these events as entertainment wedding guests. And usually also Wayang puppet show for 1 full night. Arts of West Java is actually very benyak. these are just some of the arts. Actually, our country is rich in culture that became our pride. So love your art your own country.
In each country or region must have a culture that became typical cirri place itself. Like Indonesia, an archipelagic nation which has so many cultures in every region. So do not be surprised if Indonesia is rich with culture. This time I will mambahas one of Indonesia's culture comes from the earth the western part of Indonesia, precisely dipilau western part of Java, namely West Java.
West Javanese culture or commonly called Sundanese culture. Sundanese culture with other cultures, which consist of music, dance and other arts. For music, musical instruments typical cirri of West Java is the Angklung, Calung, drum and others. Angklung is a musical instrument of the famous West Java. Musical instrument memepunyai this beautiful tone was claimed by other States as their musical instruments. However, all that's not true, because Anglkung is a native Indonesian musical instrument from West Java. Although now rarely young people who play the Angklung. But some schools in some areas in West Java as one makes Angklung Extrakulikuler in their school. Even Angklung already has a proud achievement in the international world and known by the world as musical instruments native to Indonesia. In one place, precisely in Bandung, West Java, there is a place that is making Angklung Saung Angklung Mang Ajo. Place that not only makes the Angklung, but there is a show for tourists who come there. In addition, there also provide the place of purchase by-the typical cirri of West Java. And the place that we can also learn how to play the Angklung. Many tourists who come there, not only domestic tourists alone. Foreign tourists who come there was a lot to learn and see the show Angklung.
Besides music, there is also dancing. One is the dance Jaipong. Jaipong dance is one of the typical dance of West Java. The dance is accompanied by fast music is also very famous among the people as the traditional dance of West Java. In addition to fast music accompanied one of the attractions dadi Jaipong dance is an interesting costume. Jaipong own costumes for the Kebaya with a few bright colors, fabrics and scarves. Usually Jaipong dance events staged in a place or even race. For example diacara arts school or weddings. At the wedding dance jaipong usually dipentasakan as entertainment for the guests who came. In pickles marriage, usually dance jaipong lasted 1 night dive full. Usually jaipong dance accompanied by drums and also there sinden who will accompany. The song is unusual in Paki to accompany the dance is leaf pulus jaipong and jugala.
Actually a lot of art from West Java like sisingaan derived from Sukabumi. Usually there apabiala Sisingan used circumcision ceremony. Children in circumcision will rise above sisingaan, then paraded around the village. Puppet show is also one of the arts of West Java. Puppet show is a puppet made of wood and usually wang doll used as a medium for storytelling. Stories that appear usually folklore. And usually Wayang puppet also presented at these events as entertainment wedding guests. And usually also Wayang puppet show for 1 full night. Arts of West Java is actually very benyak. these are just some of the arts. Actually, our country is rich in culture that became our pride. So love your art your own country.
PITUNG (TULISAN SOFTSKILL)
Pitung is the figure of Rawa Belong exemplary youth. Praying five times he never left. Al-Qur’an lessons at a local cleric, Haji Naipin, unfailing run. Batavia Youth formerly devout in religion and usually smart bersilat. Does not feel the time goes, the Pitung transformed into a complete figure in the science of religion and martial arts, namely martial art. He was the picture of youth Batavia at that time.
At the same time, being aggressive Dutch dredge-jealous natural wealth the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia name before independence), based in Batavia. Power extorted people in the cruelty of forced labor. Countless casualties. Some were living in misery and hunger. Witness the fact that, compassion arises in the liver Si Pitung. Alignments on its own people who change the destiny of Si Pitung.
Together Rais and Jii, the Pitung rob boss's house and rich landlords. Results rampokannya then distributed to the poor. Apparently, the activity has been troubling Kumpeni siPitung.
Kumpeni perform a variety of ways to capture the Pitung. At first, won the people-person for member information with the lure of big prizes. If usahnya gagl, did not hesitate to kumpeni force with force.
Finally, kumpeni managed to get information about the family of the Pitung. The surplus, is a weakness as well. Family as a source of motivation Pitung became the weak point. Kumpeni immediately menyandra both parents and Haji Naipin. With a heavy torment, finally revealing the existence of the secret Pitung and immune.
Martial arts abilities and his body is immune to bullets, make every action of plundering. There have been many home boss and landlords who dirampoknya, but he did not also been arrested. Moreover, people do not tell the existence of the Pitung. He contributed much to the people.
One day, the Pitung and her friends managed to founded. The Pitung trying to take the fight. However, that day was an unlucky day for him. Immune secret that kept her alive all this time been known to party kumpeni. The Pitung, the hero of the little people pelted rotten eggs and fired many times. Finally, he also met his end and God has chosen his destiny.
At the same time, being aggressive Dutch dredge-jealous natural wealth the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia name before independence), based in Batavia. Power extorted people in the cruelty of forced labor. Countless casualties. Some were living in misery and hunger. Witness the fact that, compassion arises in the liver Si Pitung. Alignments on its own people who change the destiny of Si Pitung.
Together Rais and Jii, the Pitung rob boss's house and rich landlords. Results rampokannya then distributed to the poor. Apparently, the activity has been troubling Kumpeni siPitung.
Kumpeni perform a variety of ways to capture the Pitung. At first, won the people-person for member information with the lure of big prizes. If usahnya gagl, did not hesitate to kumpeni force with force.
Finally, kumpeni managed to get information about the family of the Pitung. The surplus, is a weakness as well. Family as a source of motivation Pitung became the weak point. Kumpeni immediately menyandra both parents and Haji Naipin. With a heavy torment, finally revealing the existence of the secret Pitung and immune.
Martial arts abilities and his body is immune to bullets, make every action of plundering. There have been many home boss and landlords who dirampoknya, but he did not also been arrested. Moreover, people do not tell the existence of the Pitung. He contributed much to the people.
One day, the Pitung and her friends managed to founded. The Pitung trying to take the fight. However, that day was an unlucky day for him. Immune secret that kept her alive all this time been known to party kumpeni. The Pitung, the hero of the little people pelted rotten eggs and fired many times. Finally, he also met his end and God has chosen his destiny.
Jumat, 04 Maret 2011
TEORI ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
contoh:
active : she read the book
passive : the book read by her
active : he wash car every week
passive : car wash by him every week
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Rumus passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
contoh:
active : she read the book
passive : the book read by her
active : he wash car every week
passive : car wash by him every week
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Rumus passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Kamis, 24 Februari 2011
ARTIKEL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Tiger, king of the muffled chaos of the world
We are often amazed by the symbols of Chinese mythology as anywhere in the world, the king of all animals are lions, not tigers. That said, according to Chinese legend in the days of yore, including one lion zodiac of 12 binatangdalam Chinese people's confidence. There are no tigers.
Because the lion was too cruel, the President wanted to get rid of the lion god of the zodiac structure. But Major Gods can not just do it because the lion is the king of all rajabinatang. If the lion would be removed, need new animals to control animals that exist. He remembered the same tiger.
Tiger itself is a creature that is not important in the human world, continued the legend that exists. However, when the tiger learn skills from a cat fight, the tiger became valiant knight. All the animals who challenged him would die or very seriously injured. Tigers always win in a fight that became known for his expertise.
Because the tiger became very well known, gods of the President called him to heaven.Once there, the tiger had managed to beat all the knights of god. After winning all the battles, the tiger had become one of the important knights Main Deity.
Script king
However, after the tiger to be one important knights of god, the beasts in the world started attacking humans because of the lack of supervision. Various events have attracted the attention of the god, and then ordered down to earth to protect mankind.
Tiger then asked the requirements for each fight is won, he wanted to get an award. His request was granted by the Gods Main. After arriving at the earth, tigers learn that lions, bears, and horses are the most powerful animal. Macanmenantang all and win.
When the various evil creatures hear a tiger victory, all hiding in the woods that are not inhabited and was never seen again. All human beings kepadamacan grateful for defeating evil creatures.
Tigers went back to heaven. Because the Tigers have won three times, the god of placing three major lines on the forehead of the tiger. Through some time, the world is again disrupted by a tortoise that has the magical power of evil. Earth inundated by flood water turtle.
Tiger returns sent to the earth and kill the evil turtle. Major Gods and then give awards to add a horizontal line in the middle three lines awarded in the tiger's forehead. The addition of these lines form the Chinese character "wang" which berartiraja. Kanji script "wang" is still visible on the forehead tiger.
When the President heard the brutality of the lion god of the world, decided the status of zodiac lion and tiger stripped chosen to replace the lion in the strata of Chinese zodiac beliefs. In addition to having the status of zodiac, the tiger was crowned as king of all beasts. Tigers in the legend as a silencer Chinadisimbolkan chaos on earth. (RLP)
We are often amazed by the symbols of Chinese mythology as anywhere in the world, the king of all animals are lions, not tigers. That said, according to Chinese legend in the days of yore, including one lion zodiac of 12 binatangdalam Chinese people's confidence. There are no tigers.
Because the lion was too cruel, the President wanted to get rid of the lion god of the zodiac structure. But Major Gods can not just do it because the lion is the king of all rajabinatang. If the lion would be removed, need new animals to control animals that exist. He remembered the same tiger.
Tiger itself is a creature that is not important in the human world, continued the legend that exists. However, when the tiger learn skills from a cat fight, the tiger became valiant knight. All the animals who challenged him would die or very seriously injured. Tigers always win in a fight that became known for his expertise.
Because the tiger became very well known, gods of the President called him to heaven.Once there, the tiger had managed to beat all the knights of god. After winning all the battles, the tiger had become one of the important knights Main Deity.
Script king
However, after the tiger to be one important knights of god, the beasts in the world started attacking humans because of the lack of supervision. Various events have attracted the attention of the god, and then ordered down to earth to protect mankind.
Tiger then asked the requirements for each fight is won, he wanted to get an award. His request was granted by the Gods Main. After arriving at the earth, tigers learn that lions, bears, and horses are the most powerful animal. Macanmenantang all and win.
When the various evil creatures hear a tiger victory, all hiding in the woods that are not inhabited and was never seen again. All human beings kepadamacan grateful for defeating evil creatures.
Tigers went back to heaven. Because the Tigers have won three times, the god of placing three major lines on the forehead of the tiger. Through some time, the world is again disrupted by a tortoise that has the magical power of evil. Earth inundated by flood water turtle.
Tiger returns sent to the earth and kill the evil turtle. Major Gods and then give awards to add a horizontal line in the middle three lines awarded in the tiger's forehead. The addition of these lines form the Chinese character "wang" which berartiraja. Kanji script "wang" is still visible on the forehead tiger.
When the President heard the brutality of the lion god of the world, decided the status of zodiac lion and tiger stripped chosen to replace the lion in the strata of Chinese zodiac beliefs. In addition to having the status of zodiac, the tiger was crowned as king of all beasts. Tigers in the legend as a silencer Chinadisimbolkan chaos on earth. (RLP)
Senin, 21 Februari 2011
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
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